Tổng hợp kiến thức về Đại từ phản thân

TỔNG HỢP KIẾN THỨC VỀ ĐẠI TỪ PHẢN THÂN

Đại từ phản thân (Reflexive pronouns). Loại đại từ này phản chiếu lại chính chủ từ của câu. Chúng ta đã học các loại đại từ nhân xưng (đứng làm chủ từ và túc từ), đại từ sở hữu và tính từ sở hữu, cách viết đại từ phản thân kết hợp các loại đó.

Ví dụ:

He cut himself. Trong câu "He cut himself’, “cut” là động từ phản thân, còn “himself’ là đại từ phản thân.

Các đại từ phản thân trong Tiếng Anh

Subject	Reflexive pronouns
I	Myself
You	Yourself
He	Himself
She	Herself
It	Itself
We	Ourselves
You (plural)	Yourselves
They	Themselves

2.1. Đại từ phản thân được sử dụng như một đối tượng trực tiếp (khi chủ ngữ chính là chủ thể hành động).

Ví dụ:

• I am teaching myself to play the flute. (Tôi đang tự học thổi sáo.)
• Be careful! You might hurt yourself with that knife. (Cẩn thận cái dao đấy! Bạn có thể tự làm đau mình.)

Một vài động từ sẽ thay đổi nghĩa một chút khi đi cùng đại từ phản thân:

Ví dụ:

Would you like to help yourself to another drink? = Would you like to take another drink. (Bạn có muốn tự mình lấy một đồ uống khác không?)

Không sử dụng đại từ phản thân sau các động từ miêu tả những việc mà con người thường làm cho bản thân họ.

Ví dụ: wash (giặt giũ), shave (cạo râu), dress (mặc quần áo)…

2.2. Sử dụng đại từ phản thân như một đối tượng của giới từ (đứng sau giới từ) khi đối tượng này liên quan đến chủ thể của mệnh đề.

Ví dụ:

• I had to cook for myself. (Tôi phải tự nấu ăn cho chính mình.)
• We were feeling very sorry for ourselves. (Chúng tôi cảm thấy rất tiếc nuối cho chính chúng tôi.)

2.3. Kết hợp với giới từ “by” khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh rằng một người đang đơn độc một mình (không có ai giúp đỡ).

Ví dụ:

• He walked home by himself. (Anh ấy đi về nhà một mình.)
• The children got dressed by themselves. (Lũ trẻ phải tự mặc quần áo.)

2.4. Dùng để nhấn mạnh vào bản chất của một người/ một vật mà chúng ta đang đề cập đến (đặc biệt, khi chúng ta nói đến một người nổi tiếng)

Ví dụ: 

• My country itself is quite a small town. (Bản thân quê tôi là một thị trấn nhỏ.)
• McCartney himself is an immortal. (Bản thân McCartney là một huyền thoại.)

Chúng ta thường đặt đại từ phản thân ở cuối câu để nhấn mạnh chủ thể hành động

Ví dụ:

• I painted the house myself. (Chính tôi tự sơn nhà)
• She washed her car herself. (Chính cô ấy tự rửa xe của mình)

Các cụm Từ thường dùng với Reflexive pronouns:

- blame yourself

- cut yourself

- enjoy yourself

- feel sorry for yourself

- help yourself (đây là câu mời ăn uống thân mật, có thể xem tương đương như câu "ăn tự nhiên nhé")

- hurt yourself

- give yourself something

- introduce yourself

- kill yourself

- pinch yourself

- be proud of yourself

- take care of yourself (tự chăm sóc mình, câu này có thể dịch là "bảo trọng nhé")

Chúng ta sử dụng personal pronouns (đại từ nhân xưng), chứ không dùng reflexive pronouns, sau giới từ chỉ vị trí và sau “with” khi mang ý nghĩa ‘cùng đồng hành, sát cánh.

Ví dụ:

• She had a suitcase beside him. (Anh ấy để hành lý ngay bên cạnh mình.)
• She had a few friends with her. (Cô ấy có một vài người bạn cùng sát cánh.)

4.1. Bài 1: Complete these sentences. Use myself/ yourself … only where necessary. Use the following verbs:

concentrate  defend  dry  feel  meet  relax  shave  wash

1 Martin decided to grow a beard because he was fed up with shaving.

2 I wasn’t very well yesterday, but I …. much better to day.

3 I climbed out of the swimming pool and …. with a towel.

4 I tried to study, but I couldn’t ….

5 If somebody attacks you, you need to be able to ….

6 I’m going out with Chris this evening. We’re …. at 7.30.

7 You’re always rushing around. Why don’t you sit down and ….

8 There was no water, so we couldn’t ….

4.2. Bài 2: Complete the answers to the questions using myself/yourself/itself …

1. Who repaired the bike for you?

Nobody. I repaired it myself.

2 Who cuts Brian’s hair for him?

Nobody. He cuts …………………..

3 Do you want me to post that letter for you?

No, I’ll …………………………

4 Who told you that Linda was going away?

Linda ……………………………

5 Can you phone John for me?

Why can’t you …………………….

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1:

2. feel

3. dried myself

4. concentrate

5. defend yourself

6. meeting

7. relax

8. wash

Bài 2:

2 He cuts it himself

3 No, I’ll post/do it myself

4 Linda told me herself/ Linda herself told me/ Linda did herself

5 Why can’t you phone him yourself?/ …. do it yourself?

5.1. I. Choose the correct reflexive pronouns

myself - yourself - himself - herself - itself - ourselves - yourselves - themselves

1.       Alan made this dish_____________________.

2.       Laura sent the email_____________________.

3.       We shall not quarrel easily among_____________________, and forget our common objective.

4.       Sara, did you write this poem_____________________?

5.       Yes, I called her_____________________.

6.       He cut_____________________with the knife while he was sharpening it.

7.       My computer often crashes and turns off by_____________________.

8.       She often talks to_____________________when she is upset

9.       John and Alan, I am not going to do the homework for you. You have to do it_____________________.

10.     The students were so noisy. Even Nancy and Leila were making a lot of noise_____________________.

11.     Did the children behave_____________________?

12.     I caught sight of_____________________in the mirror.

13.     Don't worry! He can do it_____________________.

14.     Don't be so selfish! You think only about_____________________.

15.     Please, John, make_____________________feel at home.

16.     She hurt_____________________while doing the housework.

17.     I told him about the sad news_____________________.

18.     Good news! The horse came back home by itself by_____________________.

19.     Did the two of you do this job by_____________________?

20.     Do we live for_____________________or for our loved ones?

21.     The children can look after_____________________.

22.     Leila, please, help_____________________to the cookies!

ĐÁP ÁN

1.       Alan made this dish himself.

2.       Laura sent the email herself .

3.       We shall not quarrel easily among ourselves, and forget our common objective

4.       Sara, did you write this poem yourself ?

5.       I called her myself .

6.       He cut himself with the knife while he was sharpening it.

7.       My computer often crashes and turns off by itself .

8.       She often talks to herself when she is upset.

9.       John and Alan, I am not going to do the homework for you. You have to do it yourselves .

10.     The students were so noisy. Even Nancy and Leila were making a lot of noise themselves .

11.     Did the children behave themselves ?

12.     I caught sight of myself in the mirror.

13.     Don't worry! He can do it himselfTrue .

14.     Don't be so selfish! You think only about yourselfTrue.

15.     Please, John, make yourselfTrue feel at home.

16.     She hurt herselfTrue while doing the housework.

17.     I told him about the sad news myselfTrue.

18.     Good news! The horse came back home by itselfTrue.

19.     Did the two of you do this job by yourselvesTrue?

20.     Do we live for ourselvesTrue or for our loved ones?

21.     The children can look after themselvesTrue.

22.     Leila, please, help yourselfTrue to the cookies!

5.2. Choose the correct reflexive pronouns.

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

1.       Robert made this T-shirt _____________.

2.       Lisa did the homework __________________.

3.       We helped_____________________to some cola at the party.

4.       Emma, did you take the photo by ______________?

5.       I wrote this poem _________________.

6.       He cut_____________________with the knife while he was doing the dishes.

7.       The lion can defend ________________.

8.       My mother often talks to ____________.

9.       Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help _____________.

10.     Alice and Doris collected the stickers ______________.

11.     I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO _________________.

12.     The girl looked at_____________________in the mirror.

13.     Freddy, you'll have to do your homework_____________________.

14.     You don't need to help them. They can do it_____________________.

15.     I introduced_____________________to my new neighbour.

16.     Boys, can you make your beds_____________________?

17.     She made_____________________a pullover.

18.     What happens when a fighting fish sees_____________________in the mirror?

19.     The father decided to repair the car_____________________.

20.     We can move the table_____________________.

ĐÁP ÁN

1.       Robert made this T-shirt himself.

2.       Lisa did the homework herself

3.       We helped ourselves to some cola at the party.

4.       Emma, did you take the photo by yourself?

5.       I wrote this poem myself.

6.       He cut himself with the knife while he was doing the dishes.

7.       The lion can defend itself.

8.       My mother often talks to herself.

9.       Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help yourselves.

10.     Alice and Doris collected the stickers themselves.

11.     I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO myself.

12.     The girl looked at herself in the mirror.

13.     Freddy, you'll have to do your homework yourself.

14.     You don't need to help them. They can do it themselves.

15.     I introduced myself to my new neighbour.

16.     Boys, can you make your beds yourselves?

17.     She made herself a pullover.

18.     What happens when a fighting fish sees itself in the mirror?

19.     The father decided to repair the car himself.

20.     We can move the table ourselves.

5.3. Fill in these sentences with MYSELF, YOURSELF, HERSELF, HIMSELF, ITSELF, OURSELVES, YOURSELVES or THEMSELVES.

1. Every morning I wash_____________________and clean my teeth.

2. Jane is a baby, she is too small to eat by_____________________.

3. Peter is very lazy. He always copies his friend´s homework and never does it by_____________________.

4. The children can decorate the Christmas tree by_____________________.

5. Julie is always looking at_____________________in the mirror.

6. If you can´t do this exercise by_____________________, ask the teacher for help.

7. The cat cleans_____________________with its tongue.

8. Don´t help us, Dad! I and Jim can paint the car all by_____________________.

9. You are five years old, Danny. You have to comb your hair by _____________________now.

10. Hi, Martin! Hi, Rebeca! Please, come in and make_____________________at home.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. Every morning I wash myself and clean my teeth.

2. Jane is a baby, she is too small to eat by herself.

3. Peter is very lazy. He always copies his friend´s homework and never does it by himself.

4. The children can decorate the Christmas tree by themselves.

5. Julie is always looking at herself in the mirror.

6. If you can´t do this exercise by yourself, ask the teacher for help.

7. The cat cleans itself with its tongue.

8. Don´t help us, Dad! I and Jim can paint the car all by ourselves.

9. You are five years old, Danny. You have to comb your hair by yourself now.

10. Hi, Martin! Hi, Rebeca! Please, come in and make yourselves at home.

5.4. Choose the correct reflexive pronouns.

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

1. The cat nearly killed_____________________when it ran across the road.

2. I enjoyed_____________________at the party.

3. He always looks at_____________________in the mirror.

4. We helped_____________________to the coffee.

5. The woman accidentally hurt_____________________with the knife.

6. The children enjoyed_____________________at the beach.

7. The two of you shouldn't do that. You'll hurt_____________________.

8. He paid for_____________________.

9. Some people only think about_____________________.

10. She didn't tell him. I told him_____________________.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. itself

2. myself

3. himself

4. ourselves

5. herself

6. themselves

7. yourselves

8. himself

9. themselves

10. myself

5.5. Bài 5: Điền đại từ phản thân thích hợp vào chỗ trống

1.       You cannot make me do this, you know I am very busy _______.

2.       They were going on a trip and took a lot of photos of __________.

3.       Look! The TV has turned on by __________.

4.       Can you look for it _______? I am in a middle of something here.

5.       Hello, you must be the person Susie recommended _________.

ĐÁP ÁN

1.       myself

2.       themselves

3.       itself

4.       yourself?

5.       herself

5.6. Bài 6: Viết lại các câu dưới đây sử dụng đại từ nhân xưng

1.       She offered her help but I declined. Now I have to do all of the tasks alone.

2.       It is him who allowed such a controversy to take place.

3.       I am an introvert, so I prefer to be on my own most of the time.

4.       Susie ran into a sharp piece of metal and was cut by it.

5.       This was ordered by the king, he insists on meeting you.

ĐÁP ÁN

1.       She offered her help but I declined. Now I have to do all of the tasks by myself.

2.       He himself allowed such a controversy to take place.

3.       I am an introvert, so I prefer to be by myself most of the time.

4.       Susie ran into a sharp piece of metal and accidentally cut herself.

5.       The king insists on meeting you himself and makes the order.

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