Ngữ pháp trọng tâm Tiếng Anh 7 Học kì 2

1.1. Từ chỉ số lượng:

• a lot of + N đếm được và không đếm được
• lots of + N đếm được và không đếm được
• many + N danh từ đếm được số nhiều
• much + N không đếm được

Ex: She has lots of / many books.

There is a lot of / much water in the glass.

1.2. Câu so sánh:

a. So sánh hơn:

• Tính từ ngắn: S + be + adj + er + than..... I am taller than Tuan.
• Tính từ dài: S + be + more + adj + than.... My school is more beautiful than your school.

b. So sánh nhất:

• Tính từ ngắn: S + be + the + adj + est..... He is the tallest in his class.
• Tính từ dài: S + be + the most + adj.... My school is the most beautiful.

c. Một số từ so sánh bất qui tắc:

• good / well better the best
• bad worse the worst

1.3. Từ nghi vấn:

• what: cái gì
• where: ở đâu
• who: ai
• why: tại sao
• when: khi nào
• how: như thế nào
• how much: giá bao nhiêu
• how often: hỏi tần suất
• how long: bao lâu
• how far: bao xa
• what time: mấy giờ
• how much + N: không đếm được có bao nhiêu
• how many + N: đếm được số nhiều có bao nhiêu

Ex: ______________ do you learn English? - Twice a week.

_______________ have you learn English? – For two years.

_______________ is it from your house to your school? – It's 3 km

________________ are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.

______________ is your mother? – She is forty.

______________ do you go to the market? – To buy some food.

_______________ is a pen? – it's 3,000 dong.

_______________ chairs are there in the class? – There are twenty.

_______________ do you get up? – At 6 a.m

1.4. Thì

Thì	Cách dùng	Dấu hiệu	Ví dụ
SIMPLE PRESENT (Hiện tại đơn) - To be: thì, là, ở KĐ: S + am / is / are PĐ: S + am / is / are + not NV: Am / Is / Are + S …? - Động từ thường: KĐ: S + V1 / V(s/es) PĐ: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 NV: Do / Does + S + V1 …?	- chỉ một thói quen ở hiện tại - chỉ một sự thật, một chân lí.	- always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely (ít khi), seldom (hiếm khi), every, once (một lần), twice (hai lần)	- She often gets up at 6 am. - The sun rises in the east.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) KĐ: S + am / is / are + V-ing PĐ: S + am / is / are + not + V-ing NV: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing?	- hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại.	- at the moment, now, right now, at present - Look! (Nhìn kìa) - Listen! (Lắng nghe kìa)	- Now, we are learning English. - She is cooking at the moment.
SIMPLE PAST (Quá khứ đơn) - To be: KĐ: I / He / She / It + was You / We / They + were PĐ: S + wasn’t / weren’t NV: Was / were + S …? - Động từ thường: KĐ: S + V2 / V-ed PĐ: S + didn’t + V1 NV: Did + S + V1 ….?	- hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ.	- yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past, …	- She went to London last year. - Yesterday, he walked to school.
SIMPLE FUTURE (Tương lai đơn) KĐ: S + will / shall + V1 I will = I’ll PĐ: S + will / shall + not + V1 (won’t / shan’t + V1) NV: Will / Shall + S + V1 …?	- hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai	- tomorrow (ngày mai), next, in 2015, tonight (tối nay), soon (sớm) ….	- He will come back tomorrow. - We won’t go to school next Sunday.

* Một số động từ bất qui tắc khi chia quá khứ đơn:

Nguyên mẫu	Quá khứ	Nghĩa
- be	- was / were	- thì, là, ở
- go	- went	- đi
- do	- did	- làm
- have	- had	- có
- see	- saw	- nhìn thấy
- give	- gave	- cho
- take	- took	- lấy
- teach	- taught	- dạy
- eat	- ate	- eaten
- send	- sent	- gửi
- teach	- taught	- dạy
- think	- thought	- nghĩ
- buy	- bought	- mua
- cut	- cut	- cắt, chặt
- make	- made	- làm
- drink	- drank	- uống
- get	- got	- có, lấy
- put	- put	- đặt, để
- tell	- told	- kể, bảo
- lttle	- less	- ít hơn

1.5. Số thứ tự:

- first - eleventh - twenty-first

- second - twelfth - twenty-second

- third - thirteenth - twenty-third

- fourth - fourteenth - twenty-fourth

- fifth - fifteenth - twenty-fifth

- sixth - sixteen - ……………

- seventh - seventeenth - …………..

- eighth - eighteenth - …………..

- ninth - nineteenth - …………..

- tenth - twentieth - thirtieth

1.6. Câu cảm thán:

- What + a / an + adj + N!

Ex: What a beautiful house!

What an expensive car!

1.7. Giới từ

* chỉ nơi chốn:

- on - next to

- in (tỉnh, thành phố) - behind

- under - in front of

- near (gần) - beside (bên cạnh)

- to the left / the right of - between

- on the left (bên trái) - on the right (bên phải)

- at the back of (ở cuối …) - opposite

- on + tên đường

- at + số nhà, tên đường

* chỉ thời gian:

- at + giờ - in + tháng, mùa, năm

- on + thứ, ngày - from …to

- after (sau khi) - before (trước khi)

Ex: at 6 o’clock

in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening

in August, in the autumn, in 2012

on Sunday, on 20th July

from Monday to Saturday

* chỉ phương tiện giao thông: by; on

Ex: by car; by train, by plane

on foot.

1.8. Câu đề nghị:

- Let’s

- Should we + V1 …

- Would you like to

- Why don't you

- What about / How about + V-ing ...?

Ex: What about watching TV?

Câu trả lời: - Good idea. / Great (tuyệt) / OK / - I’d love to.

- I’m sorry, I can’t.

Ex: Let’s go to the cinema.

Should we play football?

Would you like to go swimming?

1.9. Lời hướng dẫn (chỉ đường):

- Could you please show me / tell me the way to the ….., please?

- Could you tell me how to get to the ….?

- go straight (ahead) đi thẳng

- turn right / turn left quẹo phải / quẹo trái

- take the first / second street on the right / on the left quẹo phải / trái ở con đường thứ nhất / thứ hai

Ex: - Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the supermarket, please?

- OK. Go straight ahead. Take the first street on the right. The supermarket is in

front of you

1.10. Hỏi giờ: What time is it?

What’s the time?

Do you have the time?

- Giờ đúng: It’s + giờ + phút

- Giờ hơn: It’s + phút + past + giờ hoặc It’s + giờ + phút

- Giờ kém: It’s + phút + to + giờ hoặc It’s + giờ + phút

1.11. Mất bao lâu để làm gì:

How long does it take + (O) + to V => It takes + (O) + thời gian + to V…

Ex: How long does it take you to do this homework?

------------------------------------------------------------

1.12. Hỏi về khoảng cách:

How far is it from ………………to ……………? => It’s about + khoảng cách

1.13. Cách nói ngày tháng: Tháng + ngày

Hoặc the + ngày + of + tháng

Ex: May 8^th; the 8^th of May

1.14. Have fun + V_ing: Làm việc gì một cách vui vẻ

1.15. Hỏi giá tiền: How much + is / are + S ? => S + is / are + giá tiền

How much + do /does + S + cost ? => S + cost(s) + giá tiền

1.16. Tính từ kép:

Số đếm - N(đếm được số ít)

- 15-minute break (có dấu gạch nối và không có S)

17. Lời khuyên:

- S + should / shouldn’t

- S + ought to + V1

- S + must

2.1. Cung cấp dạng đúng của động từ:

1/ It (rain).............................. heavily now. You should (stay)........................... at home and (read).................................books.

2/ What are you (do)................................................at the moment?

- I (write)........................................an essay...

3/ Where Lan and Ba (go).....................tomorrow? They (visit)......................the Museum.

4/ You (have)........................................................................Geography next Friday.

5/ What about (play)....................................a game of chess?

6/ It takes her 10 minutes (make)..................................this toy.

7/ She (be)...................................ten on her next birthday.

8/ I (meet)................................you soon.

9/ Why don't we (hold)...........................a party?

11/ Let's (go).................................camping.

12/ They (practice).....................................playing the guitar in the music room now.

13/ We shouldn't (waste)...............................water.

14/ I'd like (drink)...................................some orange juice.

15/ Hoa usually (do)...................................aerobics early in the morning.

17/ Would you like (come).................................... to my house for lunch?

18/ They (go).............................to visit Hue next summer.

Đáp án

1/ It (rain)……………is raining…………… heavily now. You should (stay)……………stay………… at home and (read) ……………read………………books.

2/ What are you (do) ……………………doing……………………at the moment?

- I (write) …………am writing……………………….an essay.. .

3/ Where will Lan and Ba (go) …go………tomorrow? They (visit) …will visit……..the Museum.

4/ You (have) ……………will have………………………Geography next Friday.

5/ What about (play) …………playing……………………a game of chess?

6/ It takes her 10 minutes (make) …………to make………………….this toy.

7/ She (be) …………will be…………………..ten on her next birthday.

8/ I (meet) …………will meet………………..you soon.

9/ Why don’t we (hold) …………hold……………a party?

11/ Let’s (go) ………………go……………camping.

12/ They (practice) ………practice…………….playing the guitar in the music room now.

13/ We shouldn’t (waste) …………waste……………….water.

14/ I’d like (drink) ……………to drink………………..some orange juice.

15/ Hoa usually (do) ……………does………………..aerobics early in the morning.

17/ Would you like (come) …………to come…………………… to my house for lunch?

18/ They (go) …………will go……………..to visit Hue next summer.

2.2. Sắp xếp lại câu bị xáo trộn:

1/ always/ class/ time/ we/ to/ come/ on.

→.............................................................

2/ hours/ week/ often/ does/ how/ he/ many/ a/ work?

→.............................................................

3/ not/ American/ uniforms/ do/ usually/ school/ wear/ students.

→.............................................................

4/ 10:00/ at/ Wednesday/ Science/ Nam/ class/ on/ has.

→.............................................................

5/ interesting/ I/ because/ Math/ it/ like/ is.

→.............................................................

6/ like/ what/ does/ subject/ best/ Tom?

→.............................................................

7/ you/ work/ to/ want/ we/ with.

→.............................................................

8/ Know/ you/ do/ likes/ he/ how/ meat?

→.............................................................

9/ There/ excuse/ a/!/ post/ is/ me/ near/ office/ here?

→.............................................................

10/ That/ you/ the/ ,/ want/ is/ post/ letter/ to/ Mai?

→.............................................................

11/ Is/ interested/ Mai/ experiments/ doing/ in.

→.............................................................

12/ him/ tell/ I'll/ please/ call/ after/ 5/ again.

→.............................................................

13/ Huong/ be/ November 20^th/ ,/ twelve/ on/ will/ Saturday.

→.............................................................

Đáp án

1. We always come to class on time

2. How many hours does he often work a week?

3. American students do not usually wear school uniforms.

4. Nam has Science class at 10:00 on Wednesday.

5. I like Math because it is interesting.

6. What subject does Tom like best?

7. We want to work with you.

8. How do you know he likes meat?

9. Excuse me! Is there a post office near here?

10. That is the letter you want to post, Mai?

11. Mai is interested in doing experiments.

12. I’ll tell him please call after 5 again.

13. Huong will be twelve on November 20^th Saturday.

2.3. Viết lịa câu có chứa từ trong ngoặc

1. Glenne Close hasn’t won a single Oscar. She has been nominated six times, (although)

____________________________________________________________________________

2. Brian Stone is a famous singer. He can’t sing folk song. (despite)

____________________________________________________________________________

3. Some people said the film was terrible. I found it quite gripping. (Though)

____________________________________________________________________________

4. It was a horror film. It wasn’t frightening at all. (in spite of)

____________________________________________________________________________

5. The movie was a box-office failure. It had an all-star cast. (even though)

____________________________________________________________________________

6. The film had good reviews. It was entirely ignored by awards bodies. (despite)

____________________________________________________________________________

Đáp án

1. Although Glenn Close has been nominated six times, she hasn’t won a single Oscar.

Or: Glenn Close hasn’t won a single Oscar although she has been nominated six times.

2. Despite being a famous singer, Brian Stone can’t sing folk songs.

3. Though some people said the film was terrible, I found it quite gripping./ I found the film quite gripping though some people siad it was terrible.

4. In spite of being horror film, it was not frightening at all

5. The movie was a box-office failure even though it had an all-star cast./ Even though the movie had an all-star cast, it was a box-officer failure.

6. Despite good reviews, the film was entirely ignored by awards bodies

2.4. Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi

We use many different energy sources to do work for us. Energy sources are classified into two groups - renewable and nonrenewable.

Non-renewable energy sources are those that take millions of years to form and will run out some day. It is energy that comes from fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are mainly made up of carbon and were formed millions of years ago. The chemical reaction which takes place when we burn fossil fuels releases carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon dioxide is one of the green house gases which is contributing to global warming and air pollution.

On the other hand, renewable energy sources will never run out, are better for the environment and do not cause pollution. Renewable energy is often called green energy because it is a natural energy, always available and does not have to be formed like nonrenewable energy. The green energy is always there. For example, the Sun consistently shines, water is abundant, and the winds blow throughout the year. The five types include solar, energy from the Sun; geothermal, energy from heat within the Earth; hydroelectric, energy from moving water; biomass, energy from dead plants and microorganisms and finally, energy from the wind.

1. What are fossil fuels?

_____________________________________________

2. When were fossil fuels formed?

_____________________________________________

3. Do carbon dioxide emissions causes climate change on Earth?

_____________________________________________

4. How many types of renewable energy sources are there? What are they?

_____________________________________________

5. Are renewable sources bad for the environment?

_____________________________________________

6. Why is renewable energy called green energy?

_____________________________________________

Đáp án

1. Fossil fuels are coal, crude oil, and natural gas

2. Fossil fuels were formed millions of years ago

3. Yes, they do

4. There are five types of renewable energy sources. They are solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass and wind

5. No, they aren’t

6. Because it is a natural energy, always available and does not have to be formed like non-renewable energy

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