Đề cương ôn tập HK2 môn Tiếng Anh 10 KNTT năm 2022-2023

Các động từ: can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to được gọi là động từ khuyết thiếu.

Động từ khuyết thiếu + V nguyên mẫu

- can/could: có thể

-may/might: có lẽ

- must: phải làm

- should / ought to: nên

 

	Câu chủ động	Câu bị động
Cấu trúc	S + modal verb + V nguyên mẫu	S + modal verb + be + V3/Ved
Ví dụ	Engineers may build a new bridge.	A new bridge may be built by engineers.

 

	So sánh hơn	So sánh nhất
Tính từ ngắn	N1 + be + adj-ER + than + N2 Vd: Vietnam is smaller than Russia.	N1 + be + the adj-EST Vd: Nile River is the longest river in the world.
Tính từ dài	N1 + be + MORE + adj + than + N2 Vd: Price in Japan is more expensive than price in Vietnam.	N1 + be + the MOST + adj Vd: China is the most populated country in the world.
Trường hợp đặc biệt	good – better – the best bad – worse – the worst far – farther/further – the farthest/the furthest little – less – the least many/much – more – the most

 

1.4.1. Định nghĩa:

- Mệnh đề quan hệ cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người hoặc vật bằng việc xác định danh từ trước nó. Nó thường bắt đầu với một đại từ quan hệ: who, that, which hoặc whose.

- Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ:

+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định cung cấp thông tin cần thiết về một người hoặc vật được đề cập đến.

Ví dụ: The man who visited us yesterday is a famous doctor.

(Người đàn ông đã đến thăm chúng tôi hôm qua là một bác sĩ nổi tiếng.)

+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định cung cấp thông tin bổ sung về người hoặc vật được đề cập. Nó thường được đặt giữa các dấu phẩy.

Ví dụ: My uncle, who visited us yesterday, is a famous doctor.

(Chú tôi, người mà đã đến thăm chúng tôi ngày hôm qua, là một bác sĩ nổi tiếng.)

1.4.2. Các đại từ quan hệ:

- Who: Là đại từ đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong câu. Ngoài thay thế cho danh từ số ít, Who còn có thể thay thế danh từ số nhiều, danh từ chỉ nhóm người, tổ chức như gorvernment, group,…

Vd: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father. (Người đàn ông mà đang đứng cạnh đống lửa là ba của tôi.)

- Whom: Được sử dụng để thay thế cho tân ngữ của câu và có vai trò là túc từ của động từ ở mệnh đề quan hệ.

Vd: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt. (Người phụ nữ mà bạn nhìn thấy ngày hôm qua chính là dì của tôi.)

- Which: Đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thường dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật. Ngoài ra, Which có thể được sử dụng để thay thế 1 mệnh đề. Which có thể đi kèm giới từ với vị trí linh động như đứng ngay trước Which hoặc đứng phía cuối câu của mệnh đề quan hệ.

Vd: The mug which is on the right side is mine. (Chiếc cốc phía bên phải là của tôi.)

- That: Cấu trúc câu với That tương tự như với đại từ Who, Who, Which. That có thể thay thế cho các đại từ này. Tuy nhiên nếu có giới từ thì That sẽ không thể đi sau giới từ cũng như có mặt trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.

Vd: This is the book which/that I like best. (Đó là cuốn sách mà tôi thích nhất.)

- Whose: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu, theo sau Whose luôn là 1 danh từ. Chúng ta có thể dùng “of which” thay thế cho “whose” mà không làm thay đổi ý nghĩa của câu.

Vd: The boy whose pen you borrowed yesterday is Harry. (Chàng trai mà bạn mượn bút hôm qua là Harry.)

 

1.5.1. Định nghĩa

Câu tường thuật tiếng Anh (hay còn gọi là câu gián tiếp) là một loại câu được sử dụng để thuật lại một sự việc hay lời nói của ai đó. Việc sử dụng câu tường thuật là chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.

Ví dụ: “I will fly to Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow.” (Ngày mai tôi sẽ bay đến thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.)

=> Nam said he would fly to Ho Chi Minh City the following day. (Nam nói rằng anh ấy sẽ bay đến thành phố Hồ Chí Minh vào ngày mai.)

1.5.2. Lưu ý

Khi chúng ta sử dụng câu tường thuật, chúng ta thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, thì của động từ, và trạng từ chỉ thời gian.

a. Đổi đại từ nhân xưng

Câu trực tiếp	Câu tường thuật
I	He /She
We	They
You	I / We
Mine	His / Hers
Ours	Theirs
Yours	Mine / Ours
My	His / Her
Our	Their
Me	Him / Her
Us	Them
You	Me / Us

 

b. Đổi thì của động từ

Động từ trong câu tường thuật sẽ lùi về một thì về quá khứ so với câu trực tiếp.

Hiện tại đơn	Quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ đơn	Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành	Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn	Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tương lai đơn (will)	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must	have to

 

c. Đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

this (này)	that (kia)
these (những… này)	those (những… kia)
ago (trước đây)	before (trước đó)
now (bây giờ)	then (sau đó)
today (hôm nay)	that day (hôm kia)
tomorrow (ngày mai)	the day after/ the following day/ the next day (ngày kia)
last week (tuần trước)	the week before/ the previous week (tuần trước đó)
next week (tuần tới)	The next/following week (tuần tới nữa)
here (đây)	there (kia)
yesterday (hôm qua)	the day before/ the previous day (hôm kia)

 

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Bài 1: Câu bị động sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu

Viết lại những câu dưới đây để được câu đồng nghĩa với câu đã cho.

1. Someone must send this letter immediately.

This letter ________________________ immediately.

2. People should plant carrots and tomatoes in the spring.

Carrots and tomatoes ________________________ in the spring.

3. We must move our things before we left for Singapore.

Our things ________________________ before we left for Singapore

4. You can reach me at 5555-666.

I ________________________ at 5555-666.

5. People may eat carrots cooked or raw.

Carrots ________________________ cooked or raw.

6. Strong water can destroy this perimeter fence.

This perimeter fence ________________________ by strong water.

7. We cannot control his behaviour.

His behaviour ______________________________________.

8. We must finish this painting by tomorrow.

This painting ______________________________ by tomorrow.

9. You can find sushi in most countries in Asia.

Sushi ________________________________ in most countries in Asia.

10. The children can read books.

Books _______________________________ by the children.

11. Susan has to learn geography.

Geography _______________________________ by Susan.

12. The dog should bring the bones.

The bones _______________________________ by it.

13. Tom must opend the window.

The window _______________________________ by him

14. Poor people cannot spend a lot money.

Yes, a lot of money _______________________________ by poor people.

15. The pupils must answer a lot of questions.

A lot of questions_______________________________ by the pupils.

Bài 2: So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất

Viết dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc.

1. Your bag is _____________ (easy) than mine.

2. My mother’s advice is _____________ (useful) for me.

3. The summer this year is _____________ (dry) as ever.

4. It is _____________ (difficult) rule of all

5. This pen writes _____________ (good) than my previous one.

6. This athlete is _____________ (strong) than his competitor.

7. This pupil is _____________ (clever) in the class.

8. This is _____________ (old) castle in Britain.

9. Health is _____________ (important) than money.

10. This path is _____________ (narrow) than the parallel one.

11. This actor is _____________ (famous) actor from Spain.

12. Kenyans are _____________ (good) sprinters.

13. Luxurious hotels are _____________ (expensive) than those of economic class.

14. My _____________ (old) sister is afraid of mice.

15. Saturn is _____________ 2nd _____________ (large) planet in our solar system.

16. We have _____________ (much) homework today than we had yesterday.

17. If you need any _____________ (far) information, please contact our assistant.

18. The second part of the film is _____________ (boring) than the first one

19. In childhood my aunt was _____________ (thin), but now she is rather fat.

20. This highway is _____________ (wide) than that highway.

Bài 3: Mệnh đề quan hệ

1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.

2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.

3. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy.

4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.

5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.

6. Ba dropped a cup. It was new.

7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.

8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.

9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.

10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.

11. My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.

12. The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.

13. The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.

14. The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.

15. The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.

16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.

17. This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.

18. That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.

19. I know the woman. She lives upstairs.

20. It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.

Bài 4: Câu tường thuật

Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.

1.“Open the door.” he said to them.

- He told them...................................................................

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

- He asked her where.........................................................

3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.

- He asked... ......................................................................

4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit.”, I said to her.

- I told... ............................................................................

5. “Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.

- She told... ........................................................................

6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.

- I asked her... ....................................................................

7. “He’s not at home.”, she said.

- She said that... .................................................................

8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.

- The girl wanted to know... ..............................................

9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.

- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................

10. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.

- He asked... ........................................................................

11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.

- Thomas asked Jean........................................................

12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.

- I told Mary.... ...................................................................

13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” she said.

- She said that... ...................................................................

14. “I’ll pay him if I can.” she said.

- She said that... ...................................................................

15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.

- She asked us.... ...................................................................

16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow.” he told Jack.

- He told Jack that.... .............................................................

17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.

- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................

18. “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.

- He said that.... ...................................................................

19. “Don’t keep the door locked.” he said to us.

- He told us.... ...................................................................

20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.

- I asked him how long.... ..................................................

Bài 5: Câu điều kiện

Chia động từ trong ngoặc.

1. If they (listen) _______  carefully, they might hear the woodpecker.

2. If I had lain down on the sofa, I _______  (fall) asleep.

3. Ngoc could have worked as a model if she (be) _______taller.

4. The soil (not/dry out) _______ if you water the plants regularly.

5. If you (give) _______the young boy this stick, he’d hurt himself.

6. We (not/take) _______the wrong tram if Dzung had asked the policewoman.

7. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog (not/find) _______it.

8. The students would have solved the problem if they (use) _______ their textbooks.

9. If he washed his feet more often, his girlfriend (visit) _______ him more often.

10. Manh (read) _______ the newspaper if he went by train.

 

Bài 1: Câu bị động sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu

1. This letter must be sent immediately.

2. Carrots and tomatoes should be planted in the spring.

3. Our things must be moved before we left for Singapore.

4. I cab be reached at 5555-666.

5. Carrots may be eaten cooked or raw.

6. This perimeter fence can be destroyed by strong water.

7. His behaviour cannot be controlled by us.

8. This painting must be finished by tomorrow.

9. Sushi can be found in most countries in Asia

16. The children can read books.

10. Books can be read by the children.

11. Geography has to learnt by Susan.

12. The bones should be brought by it.

13. The window must be opened by him

14. Yes, a lot of money cannot be spent by poor people.

15. A lot of questions must be answered by the pupils.

Bài 2: So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất

1. Your bag is ___easier__________ (easy) than mine.

2. My mother’s advice is _____the most useful________ (useful) for me.

3. The summer this year is ____the driest_________ (dry) as ever.

4. It is ____the most difficult_________ (difficult) rule of all

5. This pen writes _____better________ (good) than my previous one

6. This athlete is _____stronger________ (strong) than his competitor.

7. This pupil is _______the cleverest______ (clever) in the class.

8. This is ____the oldest_________ (old) castle in Britain.

9. Health is ____more important_______ (important) than money.

10. This path is ______narrower_______ (narrow) than the parallel one.

11. This actor is ______the most famous_______ (famous) actor from Spain.

12. Kenyans are _______the best______ (good) sprinters.

13. Luxurious hotels are _______more expensive______ (expensive) than those of economic class.

14. My ____oldest_________ (old) sister is afraid of mice.

15. Saturn is _____the________ 2nd ______largest_______ (large) planet in our solar system.

16. We have ______more_______ (much) homework today than we had yesterday.

17. If you need any ______further_______ (far) information, please contact our assistant.

18. The second part of the film is ______more boring_______ (boring) than the first one

19. In childhood my aunt was _______thinner______ (thin), but now she is rather fat.

20. This highway is ______wider_______ (wide) than that highway.

Bài 3: Mệnh đề quan hệ

1. He worked for a woman who used to be an artist.

2. They called a doctor who lived nearby.

3. I wrote an email to my sister who lives in Italy.

4. Linh liked the waiter who was very friendly.

5. We broke a car that belonged to my uncle.

6. Ba dropped a cup which was new.

7. Nam loves books that have happy endings.

8. I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam.

9. The man who is wearing a blue hat is in the class.

10. The woman who is from India works in a hospital.

11. My sister who lives in Japan has four sons.

12. The man who was wearing a red shirt was rude.

13. The phone that belongs to An is on the table.

14. The TV that was my grandfather’s got broken.

15. The radio that was bought 35 years ago was stolen.

16. The girl who gave Binh his phone is his daughter.

17. This is the laptop which my mother has just bought.

18. That’s the man whose car is a Ferrari.

19. I know the woman who lives upstairs.

20. It’s the dog that I always talk to at night.

Bài 4: Câu tường thuật

1. He told them to open the door.

2. He asked her where she was going.

3. He asked me which way they had gone.

4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.

5. She told us not to try to open it then.

6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.

7. She said that he was not at home.

8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.

9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.

10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.

11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.

12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.

13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.

14. She said that she would pay him if she could.

15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.

16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.

17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.

18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.

19. He told us not to keep the door locked.

20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.

Bài 5: Câu điều kiện

1. listened; 2. could have fallen; 3. had been; 4. won’t dry out; 5. gave;

6. wouldn’t have taken; 7. won’t find; 8. had used; 9. would visit; 10. would read

Trên đây là một phần trích đoạn nội dung Đề cương ôn tập HK2 môn Tiếng Anh 10 Kết nối tri thức năm học 2022-2023. Để xem toàn bộ tài liệu các em vui lòng chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang hoc247.net để tải tài liệu về máy tính.

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