Chuyên đề Pronouns

CHUYÊN ĐỀ PRONOUNS

I. Đại từ nhân xưng (Personal pronouns)

Đại từ nhân xưng được chia làm 2 loại:

1. Đại từ làm chủ ngữ (Subjective pronouns)

		Singular	Plural
Ngôi thứ I	lst person	I	We
Ngôi thứ II	2nd person	You	You
Ngôi thứ III	3rd person	He/She/ It	They

Ex: I am going to the store.

We would like to leave now.

It was she who called you.

2. Đại từ làm tân ngữ (Objective pronouns)

I -> me      He-> him        We -» us       You ->you       She -» her        It-» it

 they -> them

Ex: They called us on the telephone.

The teacher gave her a bad grade.

The policeman was looking for him.

• Cách dùng của it (The use of it)
• Đại từ it được dùng để chí những sự vật cụ thể, ý niệm trừu tượng hoặc dùng cho con vật.

Ex: I tried the door. It was locked.

He promised his help if I needed it.

• Đại từ it được dùng để nhận danh một người còn chưa biết là ai. Và khi nhận ra rồi, thì he hoặc she được sử dụng tùy theo đó là nam hay nữ.

Ex: There was a knock at the door. I thought it was the postman. He usually comes at that time.

• Đại từ it được dùng để nói về một ý tưởng được nói đến trong một nhóm từ, một mệnh đề, một câu ở trước.

Ex: He tried to break the clock. It was not easy either.

The music had stopped. He didn’t notice it.

• Đại từ it được dùng làm chủ ngữ giả (íòrmal subject) khi nói về điều kiện thời tiết, thời gian, khoảng cách, đo lường.

Ex: It is raining heavily.

It is half past three now.

It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.

It is five feet deep.

• It còn được dùng làm chủ ngữ giả (formal subject) trong những câu mà một từ được bổ nghĩa bởi một cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề sau nó.

Ex: It is stupid to fall asleep like that.

It is no use hoping he’ll ever change his mind.

It was a surprise that he had come back so soon.

• Đại từ it còn được dùng làm tân ngữ giả (Formal object), theo sau nó là một tính từ hoặc danh từ được bổ nghĩa bởi cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề.

Ex: I found it difficult to explain this to him.

He thought it no use going over the subject again.

She thought it odd that they had left him no message.

• Đại từ it được dùng để nhấn mạnh một từ hoặc cụm từ trong câu.

Ex: It was my question that made him angry.

• Đại từ it đôi khi được sử dụng trong các đặc ngữ có tính chất thân mật.

Ex: Hang it all, we can’t wait all day for him.

(Rõ bực, chúng ta không thể suốt ngày đợi nó được).

When I see him, ril have it out with him.

(Gặp nó, tôi sẽ nói cho nó vỡ lẽ ra mới được.)

If the teacher sees you doing that, you’11 catch it.

(Thầy mà thấy mày làm vậy, mày liệu hồn.)

II.Đại từ sở hữu (possessive pronouns)                 

Đại từ sở hữu là hình thức sở hữu của đại từ nhân xưng. Đại từ sở hữu không đứng trước danh từ, nó thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu + danh từ (đã được nói đến).

I            -» mine : cái của tôi           You  -»  yours        : cái của anh/ các anh

He        -* his    : cái của anh ấy     She        her    : cái của cô ấy

We       -> ours  : cái của chúng tôi        It   -»      its    : cái của nó

They   ->        theirs  : cái của họ

Ex: She put her arm through mine. (= my arm)

They are not my gloves; I thought they were yours. (= your gloves)

Đôi khi ta có thể thấy đại từ sở hữu đứng sau giới từ of. Sự kết hợp này được gọi là sở hữu kép.

Ex: He is a friend of mine.

It’s no business of vours.

III.Đại từ phản thân (reAexive pronouns)

Đại từ phản thân được sử dụng khi chủ ngữ vừa cho vừa nhận hành động. Hay nói cách khác chủ ngữ và tân ngữ của câu chỉ cùng một người.

I -> myself                          You       ->    yourself

He ->       himself               She       -»           herself

It   -> itself                          We       ->      ourselves

You   ->   yourselves         They     -»   themselves

• Quan sát 2 ví dụ sau:

Ex: John bought him a new car. (him = another person)

John bought himselí a new car. (himself = John)

• Đại từ phản thân có chức năng như một tân ngữ trong câu.

Ex: She served herselí in the cafeteria.

Fm sure you both remember the day when you talked about yourselves and the past.

He sent himself the letter.

• Đại từ phản thân còn có thể được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh, nghĩa là chính chủ ngữ thực hiện hành động. Trong trường hợp này, nó thường đứng ngay sau chủ ngữ.

Ex: You yourself told them the story.

The students themselves decorated the room.

• By + đại từ phản thân = alone (một mình)

Ex: John washed the dishes by himself=John washed the dishes alone.

IV.Đại từ chỉ định (demonstrative pronouns)

Đại từ chỉ định gồm có:

this (người này, cái này) these (các người này, các cái này)

that (người kia, cái kia) -» those (các người kia, các cái kia)

such (như thế này, như thế kia) same (như nhau)

• Đại từ this/ these được dùng để chỉ những gì ở gần về không gian, thời gian hoặc khái niệm; that/ those chỉ những gì ở xa hơn.

Ex: Do you know these people? This is Harry and this is Jake.

“Look at this ” he said and showed me his tie.

Do you see those houses in the distance? That’s where we are going.

• Trong một số trường hợp, this/ these được dùng để chỉ những gì sắp nói đến that/those chỉ những gì đã nói trước đó.

Ex: After I’ve listened to you very attentively. ril tell you this -1 don’t think you should trust the man.

I’m glad to know that you have an interest in sport. That means we have two things in common.

• Đại từ this/ these và that/ those thường được dùng với danh từ chỉ thời gian.

Ex: Father had to go to Chicago this morning.

I remember that he woke up early that morning.

• Đại từ that/ those có thể được sử dụng thay cho danh tà đã được nói đến.

Ex: He hung his daughter’s portrait beside that of his wife’s.

These poems are not so good as those written by you last year.

• Đại từ those được theo sau bởi một mệnh đề quan hệ hoặc một cụm phân từ để nói về người.

Ex: Those (= people) injured in the accident were taken to hospital. Even those who do not like his pictures are not indiíĩerent to him.

• Đại từ chỉ định such có nghĩa “như thế này, như thế kia”.

Ex: If I were you, I would not say such a thing about him.

He was a silent, ambitious man. Such men usually succeed.

• Such thỉnh thoảng có thể được dùng trong một cụm từ.

Ex: They export a lot of ữuits, such as oranges, lemons, etc.

• Đại từ chỉ định same luôn luôn đứng sau mạo từ xác định.

Ex: I found her just the same as beíore.

V.Đại từ bất định (indefinite pronouns)

Đại từ bất định gồm các nhóm chính sau:

1. Some – somebody, someone (ai đó), something (cái gì đó)

2. Được dùng trong câu khẳng định và đi với động từ số ít.

Ex: There’s somebodv at the door.

I’ve got something to tell you.

• Được dùng trong câu hỏi khi câu trả lời sẽ là “yes”.

Ex: What’s wrong with you? Have you got something in your eyes?

(I see something in your eyes).

• Được dùng trong lời mời hay câu yêu cầu.

Ex: Would you like something to drink?

2. Any – anybody (bất cứ ai), anything (bất cứ cái gì)

3. Được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn và đi với động tà số ít.

Ex: Is there anybody in the room?

• I’m very tired now. I don’t want to eat anythin Được dùng trong mệnh đề IF.

Ex: If anyone has any questions, ril be pleased to answer them.

3. No – nobody, no one, nothing (không ai, không cái gì…)

4. Được dùng với nghĩa phủ định, có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng một mình.

Ex: “What did you say?” “Nothing.”

Nobody (No one) came to visit me when I was in hospital.

• Nothing, nobody,… = not + anything, anybody

Ex: She didn’t tell anybody about her plans. (= She told nobody…)

• Được dùng với động từ ở hình thức số ít.

Ex: The house is empty. There’s nobody living there.

• Khi dùng nothing, .. thì không dùng động từ phủ định.

Ex: He said nothing.

Nobody tells me anything.

• Nobody, no one được dùng với dạng số nhiều của đại từ và tính từ

sở hữu (they, them, their…).

Ex: Nobody phoned, did they?

No one in the class did their homework.

The party was a disaster. Nobody enjoyed themselves.

VI. Đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns)

Đại từ quan hệ who, lư hom, which, whose, that, … được dùng để nối mệnh đề chính với mệnh đề phụ .

VII. Từ xác định đứng trước (predeterminers)

Từ xác định đứng trước có chức năng làm đại từ (pronouns), có thể dùng trước giới từ o/và một danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều, đếm được hoặc không

đếm được. Động từ theo sau các từ xác định đứng trước có thể ở hình thức số ít hoặc số nhiều, tùy loại.

All (tất cả), some (vài), a few (một vài), several (vài), both (cả hai), each (mỗi), either (một trong hai), neither (không có ai/ cái gì trong hai), none (không có ai/ cái gì trong nhiều), little (ít), much (nhiều), …

1. Some of/ most of/ none of… + the, this, that, these, those, my, his, Ann’s… có thể đi với động từ số ít hoặc số nhiều tùy thuộc vào danh từ sau nó.

Ex: Some of the people I work with are very íriendly.

2. None of this money is mine.

Có thể dùng some of/ none of… + us/you/

Ex: How many of these people do you know? ~ None of them/ A few of them.

3. Có thể dùng some, most, many, little,… không có danh từ theo sau.

Ex: Some cars have four doors and some have two.

Khi dùng both, neither, either + of cần phải thêm the/ these/ those/ mylhis/ Tom’s…

Ex: Both of these restaurants are very good.

I haven’t been to either of those restaurants.

Không cần dùng o/sau both.

Ex: Both my parents are from London.

4. Có thể dùng both of/ neither of/ either of+ us, you, them.

Ex: Both of us were very tired.

5. Sau neither of \ động từ có thể ở hình thức số ít hoặc số nhiều.

Ex: Neither of the children wants/ want to go to bed.

6. Both, neither, either có thể được dùng một mình.

Ex: I couldn’t decide which of the two shirts to buy. I like both.

Is your friend British or American? ~ Neither. She’s Australia.

Do you want tea or coíĩee? ~ Either. I don’t mind.

7. Either, neither, both chỉ hai sự việc và any, none, all chì hơn hai sự việc.

Ex: We tried two hotels. Neither of them had any rooms./ Both of them were full.

8. We tried a lot of None of them had any rooms./ ẠỊỊ of them were full. Không dùng all để chỉ everybody, everyone.

Ex: Everybody enjoyed the party. [NOT All cnjoyed thc partỵ.]

9. Everyone, everybody (mọi người), everything (mọi thứ) được dùng với động từ ở hình thức số ít.

Ex: Everybody has arrived.

10. AU được dùng với cả danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều. Động từ ở hình thức hoặc số nhiều tùy thuộc vào danh từ trước nó.

Ex: All of the women in this factory are working.

All of the money has been spent.

11. Little, much chỉ được dùng với danh từ không đếm được (số ít).

Ex: Much of the time in life was in the countryside.

Bài tập 1: Điền đại từ nhân xưng phù hợp vào chỗ trống

1.            ……asked Mr. Simon, my science teacher, what glass was and……said that …………is a liquid.

2.            Hi Dana! Are……still coming shopping with us tomorrow?

3.            My mum studied history at university. …… says……was a really interesting course.

4.            Scientists are working hard to find cures for lots of diseases, but…… haven't found a cure for the common cold yet.

5. Adam, do…… think…… should all bring some food with us to your party? 6. Dad, do…… know if…… sell computer games in the market?

ĐÁP ÁN

1.            I – he – it

2.            you

3.            she – it

4.            they

5.            you – we

6.            you – they

Bài tập 2: Điền đại từ nhân xưng phù hợp vào chỗ trống

1.            Alice asked me about that book. Did you give……to…….

2.            I met Bill today, he went out with……girlfriend.

3.            Why does the teacher always give our class many tests? She hates……or something?

4.            They paid Michael Bay a lot of money to make this film. They must like……very much.

5.            I haven't seen Adam and Ally for ages. Have you met……recently?

6.            I have two brothers and one sister; ……sister is a student.

7.            This is where we live. Here is…… house.

8.            Those aren't my brothers' dogs. …… dogs are big, not small.

9.            What's……name? - I'm Alan.

10.           My son told……that I need to stop smoking.

ĐÁP ÁN

1.            it – her

2.            his

3.            us

4.            him

5.            them

6.            my

7.            our

8.            their

9.            your

10.          me

Bài tập 3: Lựa chọn đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ phù hợp

1.            (We/ us) all went with (them/ they).

2.            They know all about my friends and (I/ me).

3.            His mother and (he/ him) came last night.

4.            There are some letters for you and (me/ I).

5.            What would you do if you were (he/ him)

ĐÁP ÁN

1.            We - them

2.            me

3.            he

4.            me

5.            him

Bài tập 4: Choose the world, phrase, or clause (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the sentence.

[Hãy chọn từ, cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề A, B, C hoặc D thích hợp nhất cho khoảng trống của câu]

1)            William considered …. lucky when he bought an affordable apartment. A/ him     B/ he     C/ himself           D/ his

2)            David’s favourite sport is football; … is tennis.

A/ my    B/ me    C/ mine D/ I

3)            Helen does better on tests, but I write better papers than ….As a result, she usually gets about the same grades as …

A. her/ me          B. her/ I                C. she/ I                D. she/ me

4)            It was … who ended up as finalists in the competition.

A/ me and her   B/ she and I        C/ myself and herself     D/ me and she

5)            The Isrealis believe that … country will always be subject to attack. A/ they            B/ its      C/ it        D/ their

6)            … mother wants … to become a teacher.

A. Me/ me          B. My/ my           C. My/ me           D. Me/ my

7)            The whole time we were growing up, teachers always seemed to like … better than ….

A. her/ me          B. she/ me          C. her/ I                D. she/ I

8)            … and … always get into arguments about politics.

A. He/ me            B. His/ I C. His/ me           D. He/ I

9)            I think it would be a good idea for … to go away for a long weekend without the baby.

A/ me and Dorothy

B/ Dorothy and I

C/ I and Dorothy 

D/ Dorothy and me

ĐÁP ÁN

1.            C

2.            C

3.            A

4.            B

5.            D

6.            C

7.            A

8.            D

9.         D 

Bài tập 5: Choose the correct sentence (Hãy chọn câu đúng).

1.

A.            She wanted he go to the post office with her.

B.            She wanted him to go to the post office with her.

C.            She wanted he to go to the post office with she.

D.            She wanted him to go to the post office with she. 2.

A.            Tell the secret to he and I.

B.            Tell the secret to him and I.

C.            Tell the secret to me and him.

D.            Tell the secret to him and me.

3.

A.            The man to who I gave the money has disappeared.

B.            The man whom I saw didn’t leave any message.

C.            The man who I saw didn’t leave any message.

D.            The man whose I saw didn’t leave any message. 4.

A.            From who did you get that impression?

B.            From whom did you get that impression?

C.            To who do you wish to send these roses, sir?

D.            To whose do you wish to send these roses, sir? 5.

A.            He was late for work more often than me.

B.            Him was late for work more often than me.

C.            No one knows as much as him about local politics.

D.            No one knows as much as he about local politics.

ĐÁP ÁN

1.            B. She là chủ ngữ của wanted; him là bổ ngữ của wanted; her là bổ ngữ của giới từ with.

2.            D

3.            B

4.            B

5.            D

1. I go to school with (he/ him) every day.

2. I see (she/ her/ herself) at the Union every Friday.

3. She speaks to (we/ us/ ourselves) every morning.

4. Isn’t (she/ her) a nice person?

5. (He/ Him) is going to New York on vacation.

6. John and (she/ her) gave the money to the boy.

7. Your record is scratched and (mine/ it) is, too.

8. John bought (himself/ herself/ hisself) a new coat.

9. (We/ Us) are going camping over the weekend.

10. Mr ]ones cut (him/ himselí) shaving.

11. The dog bit (hers/ her) on the leg.

12. John (he/ himself) went to the meeting.

13. Mary and (I/ me/ mine) would rather go to the movies.

14. “Can I take another biscuit?” “Of course. Help (you/ yourself).”

15. Could you lend me your ruler? (I/ Mine/ Me) has just been broken.

16. This parcel is for George and (I/ me).

17. Is that Mary over there? Yes, that’s (her/ she).

18. John, you (yourself, yourselves) have to do it.

19. To (us/ we), it seems like a good bargain.

20. It was (he/ him) who called you.

II. Fill in each blank with an approporate reaexive pronoun and then identify its function in the sentence.

1. I’ll do the job by_____.

2. She stood admiring______in front of the mirror.

3. Look after______!

4. We gave_____a lot of trouble.

5. It’s time you got____a new coat.

6. We hurt_____playing football.

7. The students____decorated the room.

8. John_____bought these gifts.

9. You can see the difference for_____.

10. I washed_____.

III. Complete the sentences with somebody, something, anybody, anything.

1. I was too surprised to say____.

2. There’s_____at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

3. Does______mind if I open the window?

4. I wasn’t íeeling hungry, so I didn’t eat____.

5. You must be hungry. Would you like_____to eat?

6. Quick, let’s go! There’s____Corning and I don’t want____to see us.

7. Sally was upset about____and refused to talk to____.

8. This machine is very easy to use . _____can learn to use ỉt in a very short time.

9. I’m going out now. If___phones when I’m out, can you tell them I’ll be back at 11:30?

10. ____who saw the accident should contact the police.

IV. Choose the correct words.

1. She didn’t tell (nobody / anybody) about her plans.

2. The accident looked serious but fortunately (nobody / anybody) was inịured.

3. The situation is uncertain. (Nothing / Anything) could happen.

4. “What’s in that box?” “(Nothing / Anything). It’s empty.”

5. I don’t know (nothing / anything) about economics.

6. I think there is (nothing / something) wrong with my computer. It is not working very well.

7. Get out! I have (nothing / something) to do with you.

8. (Nobody / Anybody) lives in thỉs region where there is no water.

9. There is (nothing / anything) about this place that interests me.

10. As long as you are not doing (nothing / anything) wrong, you have (nothing / anything) to worry about.

11. (Everyone / someone) has become aware that environmental pollution is a serious issue. However, (nobody / anybody) have done (nothing / anything) to deal with the problem.

12. Many cars piled up in the Street because of a serious accident, but (nobody / anybody) tried to call the police for help. If (everyone / someone) had phoned the police immediately, traffic ịam would not have happened.

V. Rewrite the sentences, using IT.

1. To learn English isvery interesting.

2. The journey to Brighton from London takes only one hour by train.

3. Some parts of King Lear are extremely difficult to understand.

4. That he will fail is clear to everyone but himselí.

5. Finding our way home won’t be easy.

6. My question itself made him angry.

7. Meeting each other on this occasion is a good chance.

8. Do you think that to explain to him what happened is difficult?

9. People think that he is a famous doctor in this City.

10. To fall asleep like that is stupid.

VI. Put in OF where necessary.

1. All______ cars have wheels.

2. None______ this money is mine.

3. Some______ people get angry very easily.

4. Some______ the people I met at the party were very interesting.

5. I have lived in London most__ my life.

6. Many_____ people watch too much TV.

7. Are any____ those letters for me?

8. Most______ days I get up before 7 o’clock.

9. Jim thinks that all___ museums are boring.

10. Some______ us dislike him.

VII. Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets. Insert the, of the where necessary.

1. I wasn’t well yesterday. I spent in bed. (most/ day)

2. ______ drive too fast. (many/ people)

3. ______ you took on holiday were very good. (some/ photographs)

4. ______ learn more quickly than others. (some/ people)

5. We’ve eaten____we bought. There’s very little left. (most/ food)

6. Have you spent___ you borrowed? (all/ money)

7. Peter can’t stop talking. He talks_____ (all/ time)

8. We had a lazy holiday. We spent ____on the beach. (most/ time)

9. George is easy to get on with_____ like him. (most/ people)

10. The exam was difficult. I could only answer___ ____(half/ questions)

VIII. Complete the sentences with NEITHER, EITHER, NONE or ANY.

1. We tried a lot of hotels but____of them had any rooms.

2. I took two books with me on holiday but I didn’t read ____of them.

3. I took five books with me on holiday but I didn’t read ____of them.

4. There are a few shops at the end of the Street but ____of them sell newspapers.

5. You can phone me at____time during the evening. Fm always at home.

6. I can meet you on the 6th or 7th. Would ____of those days be convenient for you?

7. John and I couldn’t get into the house because____ of us had a key.

8. There were a few letters this morning but_____of them were for me.

9. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn’t go to____of them.

10. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but_____ of us can play very well.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. him	2. her	3. us	4. she
5. He	6. she	7. mine	8. himself
9. We	10. himself	11. her	12. himself
13. I	14. yourself	15. Mine	16. me
17. she	18. yourself	19. us	20. he

II

1. myself: emphasis	2. herself: object	3. yourself: object	4. ourselves: object	5. yourself: object
6. ourselves: object	7. themselves: emphasis	8. himself: emphasis	9. yourself: object	10. myself: object

III

1. anything	2. somebody	3. anybody	4. anything	5. something
6.somebody- anybody	7.something-anybody	8. Anybody	9. anybody	10. Anybody

IV

1. anybody	2. nobody	3. Anything	4. Nothing	5. anything
6. somnething	7. nothing	8. Nobody	9. nothing	10. anything – nothing
11. Everyone – nobody-anything			12. nobody-someone

V.

1. It is very interesting to learn English

2. It takes only one hour from london to Brighton by train.

3. It is extremely difficult to understand some parts of King Lear.

4. It is clear to everyone but himself that he will fail.

5. It won’t be easy to find our way home.

6. It was my question that made him angry.

7. We find it a good chance to meet each other on this occasion.

8. Do you think it difficult to explain to him what happened.

9. It is thought that he is a famous doctor in this city.

10. It is stupid to fall asleep like that.

VI.

1. All____X_____cars have wheels.

2. None ___of___this money is mine.

3. Some ____X____people get angry very easily.

4. Some____of____the people I met at the party were very interesting.

5. I have lived in London most ___of___my life.

6. Many___X___people watch too much TV.

7. Are any___of___people watch too much TV.

8. Most ___X____days I get up before 7 o’clock.

9. Jim thnks that all ___X____museums are boring.

10. Some ___of___us dislike him.

VII.

1. most of the day

2. Many people

3. Some of the photographs

4. Some people

5. most of the food

6. all(of) the money

7. all the time

8. most of the time

9. most people

10. half of the questions

VIII.

1. none

2. either

3. any

4. none

5. any

6. either

7. none

8. either

9. neither

Trên đây là một phần trích đoạn nội dung Chuyên đề Pronouns. Để xem thêm nhiều tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích khác các em chọn chức năng xem online hoặc đăng nhập vào trang hoc247.net để tải tài liệu về máy tính.

Hy vọng tài liệu này sẽ giúp các em học sinh ôn tập tốt và đạt thành tích cao trong học tập.

Mời các em tham khảo các tài liệu có liên quan:

• Chuyên đề Nouns
• Chuyên đề Adjectives
• Chuyên đề Verbs

Chúc các em học tập tốt!