Tổng hợp bài tập Chuyển hóa câu

TỔNG HỢP BÀI TẬP CHUYỂN HÓA CÂU

Dạng bài tập chuyến hóa (sentence transformation) có thể kiểm tra một khía cạnh ngữ pháp trong từng câu như hoặc có thể kiểm tra hơn một khía cạnh ngữ pháp trong từng câu.

Bài tập trắc nghiệm tìm câu đồng nghĩa có mục đích kiểm tra kiến thức ngữ pháp ở cấp độ câu thông qua việc yêu cầu học sinh đọc và chọn câu đồng nghĩa trong 4 phương án đã cho đúng nhất so với câu gốc. Đáp án được lựa chọn phải đúng về ngữ pháp và có nghĩa gần nhất với câu đã cho.

Để làm tốt dạng bài tập viết, ta cần ôn một số điếm sau:

I. Các loại mệnh đề phụ

Ngoài mệnh đề chính, ta còn có mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clauses). Sau đây là các loại mệnh đề phụ thường gặp.

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clauses)

Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ who, whom, which, that, whose hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ where, when, why.

They decided not to import things which/ that we could produce ourselves. We stopped to help a driver whose car had broken down.

-    Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn thành cụm phân từ (participle phrase) với hai loại sau:

+ cụm hiện tại phân từ V-ing (present participle phrase) mang nghĩa chủ động

+ cụm quá khứ phân từ V-ed/V3 (past participle phrase) mang nghĩa bị động

People who travel into the city every day are used to the traffic jam.

→ People travelling into the city every day are used to the traffic jam.

The song which was written by my uncle has become famous.

→ The song written by my uncle has become famous.

• Mệnh đề quan hệ có thế rút gọn thành ngữ danh từ đồng vị (apposition).

Oak, which is one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture.

→ Oak, one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture.

• Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive phrase) sau cấu trúc:

the first/ second/.../ the last/ the only / the oldest... (so sánh nhất)

Who was the first person that conquered Mount Everest?

→ Who was the first person to conquer Mount Everest?

She is the only student who has signed up for ihe course.

→ She is the only student to sign up for the course.

My uncle was the oldest learner who attended that class.

→ My uncle was the oldest learner to attend that class.

2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (adverb clauses)

• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như because, as, since, for, seeing that.
• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như so that, in order that, for fear that, in case.
• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như when, while, before, after, since, as, till, until, as soon as, once.
• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như as, as if, as though.
• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như so (+ tính từ +

that), such (+ danh từ + that).

• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phản là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như though, although, no matter...
• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như if, unless, provided that, providing that, supposing.
• Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự so sánh là mệnh đề bắt đầu các liên từ như as .... as, - er than....

Ví dụ: Don’t put off going to the dentist until you have a problem. Since credit cards are so convenient, many people use them. Some people arrived in taxis while others took the subway.

Once you have done the basic course, you can go on to the more advanced one.

Lưu ý:

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ có thể rút gọn thành các cụm từ với các liên từ although, while, if, when, before, after, until nhưng không với because.

Mệnh  đề  trạng  ngữ  có  thể  rút  gọn  với  phân  từ  (Reduced  adverb  clauses  with participles):

Although it had been damaged, the machine was still operational.

→ Although damaged, the machine was still operational.

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ có thể rút gọn với tính từ (Reduced adverb clauses with adjectives):

Although he was nervous, he gave a wonderful speech.

→ Although nervous, he gave a wonderful speech.

3.Mệnh đề danh ngữ (noun clauses)

Mệnh đề danh ngữ thường bắt đầu với thai, if, whether hoặc một từ dùng để hỏi như

what, when, where, how...

• Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm chủ ngữ:

When the summit meeting will be held has not been decided.

That the majority of students in Vietnam learn English is obvious.

• Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm tân ngữ:

We know that astronauts were very tired after their Ion2 trip. The figures show how much the population has increased.

• Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm bổ ngữ:

The advantage of DVD is that it gives you much better picture quality. It seems that the company has made a mistake in its marketing strategy.

• Mệnh đề danh ngữ với chức năng ngữ đồng vị:

You con 't deny the fact that his fingerprints were on the gun.

(mệnh đề danh ngữ là ngữ đồng vị của “the fact’')

There is a rumour going round that the exam papers have been stolen.

(mệnh đề danh ngữ là ngữ đồng vị của “rumour”)

4.Những lỗi thường gặp với mệnh đề và cụm từ.

• Mệnh đề quan hệ thiếu đại từ quan hệ.

Câu sai: I think the man is talking to John works for my company.

Câu đúng:............. the man who is talking to John....

• Mệnh đề quan hệ thiếu động từ.

Câu sai: Asking questions which essential in learning a language can be difficult for beginners.

Câu đúng:............. which is essential in....

• Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn với hành động đã hoàn tất. Câu sai: The man escaping from prison is said to be dangerous. Câu đúng: The man having escaped from....
• Dùng but đi với although trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ.

Câu sai: Although John was tired but he kept on working until midnight.

Câu đúng: Although John was tired, he kept on....

• Dùng sai đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề danh từ làm ngữ đồng vị. Câu sai: The news which the plane had crashed came as a terrible shock.

Câu đúng: The news that the plane had crashed... (that ở đây là liên từ không phải là đại từ)

• Dùng cụm phân từ và mệnh đề chính có chủ từ không chỉ cùng đối tượng. Câu sai: Walking along the street, a car crashed into a lorry.

Câu đúng: Walking along the street, I saw a car crash into a lorry.

• Dùng sai hình thức phân từ:

Câu sai: Founding in 1076, the Royal College is the oldest university in the country.

Câu  đúng:  Founded in 1076, the Royal  College is the  oldest  university in the country.

• Dùng sai hình thức động từ nguyên mẫu.

Câu sai: Cross the river was one of the most difficult tasks in our expedition.

Câu đúng: Crossing the river was one of I he most...Dùng sai giới từ hoặc liên từ.

Câu sai: Because his wife being there, I said nothing about it.

Câu đúng: Because his wife was there, I said nothing about it. hoặc Because of his wife being there, I said nothing about it.

Câu sai: Despite parrots are tropical birds, they can live in temperate or even cold climate.

Câu đúng: Although parrots are tropical birds, they can live...

II.Hình thức đảo ngữ của chủ từ và động từ (inversion of subject and verb)

Người ta dùng hình thức đảo ngữ này trong một số trường hợp để nhấn mạnh. Khi đó ta đảo động từ ra trước chủ từ.

Sau đây là một số trường hợp đảo ngữ thường gặp trong tiếng Anh.

1.Đảo ngữ với các từ phủ định (inversion with negatives).

Những trạng từ và ngữ trạng từ quan trọng nhất là:

hardly ever = hầu như không bao giờ

hardly... when/ scarcely... when/ no sooner... than = vừa mói.... thì

not only.... = không những

not until/till = không... cho tới khi

nowhere = không nơi nào

on no account = không vì bất cứ lí do gì

only by = chỉ bằng cách

only in this way = chỉ bằng cách này only then/when = chỉ lúc đó/ chỉ khi nào scarcely ever = hầu như không bao giờ seldom = ít khi

Sự đảo ngữ này được thực hiện bằng cách đưa trợ động từ (auxiliary verb) đứng trước chủ từ:

Từ/ cụm từ phủ định + trợ động từ + chủ từ + động từ chính

Ví dụ:

Never in  my life have I seen such a strange behavior.

Only after arriving at the office did I realize that I had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker.

No sooner does he learn a few English words than he forgets them all. Under no circumstances can you open this door.

Not until he had retired did he think about having a holiday. Not only did she pass the exam but she also got scholarship. Nowhere have I felt as comfortable as this town.

2. Đảo ngữ sau các cấu trúc “so + tính từ... that”, “such + be... that”, “neither/nor”. Ví dụ:

So alike were the twins that few people could tell them apart.

Such is the popularity of the play that the theater is likely to be full every night. He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from.

After the accident, Jane couldn’t hear, and neither could she see.

3. Đảo ngữ sau một số từ/ cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn (inversion with place expressions).

Khi đặt một số trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn ở đầu câu kết hợp với một số động từ như “stand, sit, lie, come, go... ”, ta có hình thức đảo ngữ của chủ từ và động từ.

Ví dụ: Around the corner is the hospital. On the grass sat an enormous frog. In the doorway stood her father.

Under the tree was lying some children.

4. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (inversion with conditionals).

Ta có thể dùng hình thức đảo ngữ này để lược bỏ từ “if’ trong câu điều kiện. Khi đó ta đưa các trợ động từ như “should, were, had” ra trước chủ từ.

Ví dụ: If you see Jane, please give her this message.

→Should you see Jane, please give her this message.

He would get the job if he were more careful in writing his resume.

→He would get the job were he more careful in writing his resume.

If the goalkeeper had played better, we would have won the game.

→Had the goalkeeper played better, we would have won the game.

III. Cấu trúc song hành (parallel structure)

Cấu trúc song hành là cấu trúc đòi hỏi phải sử dụng cùng một loại cấu trúc ngữ pháp cho những ý có liên quan với nhau và có cùng mức quan trọng trong câu.

Ví dụ:   I like to sing and dancing.

→ I like singing arid dancing, hoặc I like to sing and to dance.

1. Cấu trúc song hành có thể được dùng cho hai từ, hai cụm từ hoặc hai mệnh đề. Hai thành phần này trong cấu trúc song hành phải có dạng giống nhau.

Ví dụ: Ann enjoys swimming, riding arid k) play tennis.

→ Ann enjoys swimming, riding and playing tennis.

The team leader demanded from his team members a serious altitude towards work, good team spirit, and that they work hard:

→ The team leader demanded from his team members a serious attitude towards work, good team spirit, and their hard work.

2. Cấu trúc song hành được dùng với các liên từ đẳng lập (coordinate conjunctions).

Các liên từ đẳng lập như and, but, or liên kết các danh từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề với các ý tương đương và có cùng mức quan trọng trong câu. danh từ động từ tính từ trạng từ cụm từ mệnh đề and but or danh từ động từ tính từ trạng từ cụm từ mệnh để

Ví dụ:     The examination last week was short bullet

→The examination last week was short but difficult.

There ore students in the classroom am

→There are students in the classroom and in front of the building.

3. Cấu trúc song hành được dùng với các cặp liên từ.

Cấu trúc song hành cũng dùng với cặp liên từ liên kết các danh từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề với các ý tương đương và có cùng mức quan trọng trong câu.

both	danh từ	and	danh từ
either	động từ	or	động từ
neither	tính từ	nor	tính từ
not	trạng từ	but also	trạng từ
only	cụm lừ		từ cụm
	mệnh đề		mệnh đề

Ví dụ:

I know both where you went and the thing you did

→I know both where you went and what you did.

The tickets are neither in my pocket nor I keep in my wallet

→The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my wallet.

4. Cấu trúc song hành được dùng với các dạng so sánh.

Khi thực hiện sự so sánh, ta chỉ ra sự giống nhau hoặc khác nhau giữa hai đối tượng, và hai đối tượng này phải có cấu trúc ngữ pháp giống nhau.

danh từ	more ... than	danh từ
động từ	-er... than	động từ
tính từ	less ... than	tính từ
trạng từ	as ... as	trạng từ
cụm từ	the same ... as	cụm từ
mệnh để	similar ... to	mệnh đề

Ví dụ:

To be rich is better than poor. —> To be rich is better than to be poor.

IV.Câu chẻ hay câu nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences)

Ta có thể dùng cấu trúc “It is/was...that” đế nhấn mạnh phần ta muốn nói bằng cách đưa thành phần muốn nhấn mạnh vào giữa It is/was và that, phần còn lại của câu được đặt sau that. Thành phần được nhấn mạnh có thể là chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, hoặc trạng ngữ trong câu.

1. Subject focus (nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ)

Để nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ, ta đưa chủ ngữ đó vào giữa It is/was và who hoặc that. Đốii với chủ ngữ chỉ người, ta có thể dùng who hoặc that đối với chủ ngữ chỉ vật, sự vật, con vật thì ta dùng that.

It is/was + subject (for person) + who/that + verb....

It is/was + subject (for things/ animals) + that + verb....

Ví dụ: Ms. Lan Phuong teaches English at Chu Van An School.

→ It is Ms. Lan Phuong who teaches English at Chu Van An School. (Chính cô Lan Phương dạy tiếng Anh ở Trường Chu Văn An.)

My father bought a new car last Saturday.

→ It was my father who bought a new car last Saturday. (Chính cha tôi đã mua một ô tô mới thứ Bảy tuần trước.) English becomes more and more popular in the world.

→It is English that becomes more and more popular in the world.

(Đó chính là tiếng Anh trở nên ngày càng phổ biến trên thế giới.)

2. Object focus (nhấn mạnh tân ngữ)

Để nhấn mạnh tân ngữ, ta đưa tân ngữ đó vào giữa It is/was và that.

It is/was + object + that + subject + verb...

Ví dụ: I met Lan at the party.

→It was Lan that I met at the party. (Đó chính là Lan người mà tôi gặp ở buổi tiệc.)

She sent her friend the postcard.

→ It was the postcard that she sent her friend.

(Đó chính là tấm bưu thiếp mà cô ấy gửi cho bạn.)

Lưu ý: Khi nhấn mạnh tân ngữ chỉ người, ta có thể dùng who/whom hoặc that. Tuy nhiên khi tân ngữ là danh từ riêng thì that được dùng phổ biến hơn là who/whom.

Ví dụ: It was his wife who(m)/that he met in Britain.

It was Mr. Nam that I met at the meeting.

3. Adverbial focus (nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ)

Để nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ chỉ thòi gian, nơi chốn, phương cách, lí do..., ta đưa trạng ngữ đó vào giữa It is/was và that.

It is/was + adverbial phrase + that + subject + verb...

Ví dụ: My father bought a new car last Saturday.

→It was last Saturday that my father bought a new cor. (Chính vào thứ Bảy tuần trước cha tôi đã mua một ô tô mới.) I was born in this house.

→ It was in this house that I was born. (Chính trong ngôi nhà này tôi được sinh ra)

You can kill computer viruses by using some software.

→It is by using some software that you can kill computer viruses.

(Chính là bằng cách dùng phần mềm bạn có thể tiêu diệt vi-rút máy tính.)

The father repaired the bicycle for Nam.

→It was for Nam that the father repaired the bicycle. (Chính là vì cho Nam mà cha cậu ấy sửa chỉếc xe đạp.)

Ghi chú:

-    Dạng phủ định cũng có thể được sử dụng trong câu chẻ.

Ví dụ: My sister didn 't write this letter.

→It wasn’t mv sister who wrote this letter.

-   Trong tiếng Anh thông dụng, ta thường dùng It’s me và It's us hơn là It’s I và It’s we.

Ví dụ: It’s us that have helped him out of the problem.

5. Các cấu trúc thường gặp khác cần lưu ý

1. Thế truyền khiến (causative form)

--(Nội dung đầy đủ, chi tiết vui lòng xem tại online hoặc đăng nhập để tải về máy)---

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. Not only            .

A. he refused to help me but he also made fun of me

B. did he refuse to help me but he made fun of me also

C. did he refuse to help me but he also made fun of me

D. he did refuse to help me but also made fun of me

2.             had she opened the cupboard door than she stood in front of it petrified.

A. No sooner             B. As soon as              C. Hardly         D. The fact

3.             with enough life-boats she wouldn’t have caused so heavy casualties.

A. Were the Titanic to be equipped          B. The Titanic were to be equipped

C. The Titanic was to be equipped           D. Had the Titanic been equipped

4. It was not until the doctors asked him to comment on his death              recognized their craziness.

A. when he                B. and he              C. that he               D. he

5. George would certainly have attended the meeting              .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire                     B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire                     D. had the tire not flattened itself

6.            received law degrees as today.

A. Never so many women have              B. Never have so many women

C. The women aren’t ever                       D. Women who have never

7    .          during his dinner with us.

A. Not did my grandfather say a single word

B. Not said a single word did my grandfather

C. Not my grandfather said a single word

D. Not a single word did my grandfather say

8. There is no water on the moon, nor             an atmosphere around it.

A. there is                B. it is                         C. there is not               D. is there

9                  the work when his wife came in with two policemen.

A. Had he hardly finished                        B. Had hardly he finished

C. Hardly he had finished                       D. Hardly had he finished

10. Not until the first land plants developed               .

A. land animals appeared                        B. did land animals appear

C. would land animals appear                  D. the land animals appeared

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. Not only             in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well.

A. is studied human behaviour                           B. is human behavior studied

C. did human behavior study                             D. human behavior studied

2. It was not until she had arrived home                  remembered her appointment with the doctor.

A. when she               B.  thatshe           C. and she            D. she

3. Not until a student has mastered algebra                      the principles of geometry, trigonometry, and physics.

A. he can begin to understand                           B. can he begin to understand

C. he begins to understand                               D. that he can begin to understand

4.             they go to the theatre.

A. Only on rare occasions                                B. Only on rare occasions do

C. On rare occasions only                                 D. Only do on rare occasions

5..          pleased with  himself.

A. Only after John received the first prize was he

B. Only after John received the first prize he was

C. After John received the first prize only was he

D. After John received the first prize only he was

6.          the lights went out.

A. Hardly had the performance begun when

B. Hardly the performance had begun when did

C. Hardly had the performance begun than

D. Hardly the performance had begun than did

7    .          visited her.

A. Had I known she was sick, I would have

B. No sooner had I known she was sick, I would have

C. No sooner had I known she was sick than I

D. Hardly had I known she was sick when I

8.           I would give  a party.

A. Were she to come next month              B. She were to come next month

C. She comes next month                                D. She would come    next month

9.             more help, I could call my neighbour.

A. Needed                 B. Should I need        C. I have needed           D. I should need

10.              my father sat down for lunch when there was a knock at the door.

A. Hardly had                                                 B. No sooner had

C. At no time had                                        D. Never before had

Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1.             the book, please return it to me.

A. Should you find                                   B. Will you be finding

C. will you find                                      D. Will you have found

2.          graduated from college.

A. Nowhere does he found a job after he had

B. Nowhere did he find a job after he had

C. Not anywhere did he find a job after had he

D. Nowhere did he find a job after had he

3.           he sold the house.

A. Hardly did he have time to settle down when

B. Hardly has he had time to settle down when

C. No sooner had he had time to settle down when

D. No sooner had he had time to settle down than

4.           lost all his clothes.

A. Before arriving in New York had he spent all his money and

B. No sooner had he arrived in New York than had he spent all his money

C. Not only had he spent all his money before arriving in New York but he also

D. Not only had he spent all his money before arriving in New York but had he also

5.           to speak to his wife about his ex-girlfriend!

A. Never has he again dared                     B. Never again has hedared

C. Again never has he dared                      D. Never again did hehave   dare

6.          to say too much about oneself.

A. Seldom does it wise                                B. Seldom is it wise

C. Seldom wise it is                                     D. Seldom wise is it

7. Not until            .

A. I approached the flat did I realize that it was completely empty

B. did I approach the flat that I realized it was completely empty

C. I approached the flat that I realized completely was it empty

D. did I approach the flat I realized that    it was completely empty

8.          most of the soldiers gave up!

A. So was the exercise difficult that

B. So difficult was the exercise that

C. So was the exercise difficult that did

D. So difficult was the exercise that did .

9.             be impolite to our parents,

A. Not in any circumstances should we

B. In any circumstances shouldn’t we

C. in no circumstances should we

D. No circumstances permit us to

10.              send the telegram.

A. No sooner the train should be delayed shall I

B. No sooner should the train be delayed than shall I

C. Should the train be delayed, I shall

D. Should the train is delayed shall I

Exercise 4: Choose the sentence that best rewrites the original one.

1. John certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident.

A. In no way can John be held responsible for the accident.

B. Certainly can’t John be held responsible for the accident.

C. For any reason can John not be held responsible for the accident.

D. On no account can John not be held responsible for the accident.

2. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.

A. At all didn’t the police suspect that the judge was the murderer.

B. Little did the police suspect that the judge was the murderer.

C. Seldom did the police at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.

D. Never before suspected the police that the judge was the murderer.

3. You won’t find fossils like this anywhere else.

A. Nowhere else will you find fossils like this.

B. Nowhere will you find fossils like this else.

C. Anywhere else won’t you find fossils like this.

D. Anywhere will you not find fossils like this else.

4. The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.

A. Under no circumstances is the money not to be paid

B. Under any circumstances isn’t the money to be paid

C. In any circumstances is the money not to be paid

D. In no circumstances is the money to be paid

5. The demand for the tickets was so great that people queued day and night.

A. So great the demand for the tickets was that people queued day and night.

B. Such was the demand for the tickets that peoplequeuedday and night.

C. So great was the demand for the tickets that people queued day andnight.

D. Such great was demand for the tickets that people queued day and night.

6. Just after the play started there was a power failure.

A. Hardly did the play start then there was a power failure.

B. Hardly had the play started when there was a power failure.

C. No earlier had the play started than there was a power failure.

D. No sooner did the play start before there was a power failure.

7. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.

A. Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured his shoulder.

B. Not only Harry broke his leg but also did he injure his shoulder,

C. Harry broke his leg and also did he injure his shoulder.

D. Also injured his shoulder did Harry break his leg.

8. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.

A. Never before so much money has been spent to so little purpose must a record be.

B. So much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record,

C. So little must purpose be that so much money has been spent.

D. Never before has so much money been spent to so little purpose.

9. It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting.

A. Not until did the office phone me did I find out about the meeting.

B. Not until the office phoned me did I find out about the meeting,

C. Only the office phoned me did I find out about the meeting.

D. Only after did the office phone me that I found out about the meeting.

10. He never suspected that she was a witch.

A. At no time did he suspect that she was a witch.

B. Never did he suspect that a witch she was.

C. Never a witch did he suspect that she was.

D. No before did he suspect was she a witch.

Exercise 5: Choose the sentence that best rewrites the original one.

1. I shall never forget her in my life.

A. Never I shall forget her in my life.

B. Never in my life shall I forget her.

C. Never forget her in my life shall I.

D. Never in my life I shall forget her.

2. She was so nice that many people wanted to make friends with her.

A. So nice was she that many people wanted to make friends with her.

B. So nice she was that many people wanted to make friends with her.

C. Such a nice girl she was that many people wanted to make friends with her.

D. Such nice a girl was she that many people wanted to make friends with her.

3. I can finish this work on time only if you help me.

A. Only if you help me I can finish this work on time.

B. I can finish this work on time do you help me only if.

C. Only if you help me can I finish this work on time.

D. This work can be finished on time only if do you help me.

4. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.

A. As soon as had I got into the bath that someone knocked at the door.

B. Hardly I had got into the bath when did someone knock at the door,

C. No sooner had I got into the bath than someone knocked at the door.

D. Barely did I get into the bath before someone had knocked at the door.

5. If you need money, go to the banks before 4.30 pm.

A. Need you money, go to the banks before 4.30 pm.

B. Will you need money, go to the banks before 4.30 pm.

C. You can go to the banks before 4.30 pm unless you need money.

D. Go to the banks before 4.30 pm should you need money.

6. She is not only beautiful but also can study very well.

A. Not only she is beautiful but can she also study very well.

B. Not only is she beautiful but she can also study very well,

C. Not only beautiful she is but also can she study very well.

D. Not only beautiful is she but she also can study very well.

7. If they had asked, I would have had to tell them.

A. I would have had to tell them had they asked.

B. I would have had to tell them would they have asked,

C. Did they ask, I would have had to tell them.

D. Would I have had to tell them if they had asked

8. Paul hardly ever opens his mouth at the staff meeting.

A. Hardly ever Paul opens his mouth at the staff meeting.

B. Hardly ever does Paul open his mouth at the staff meeting,

C. At the staff meeting does Paul hardly ever open his mouth.

D. Ever hardly Paul does open his mouth at the staff meeting.

9. If Mr. Mills were still the headmaster, he wouldn’t permit such bad behaviour.

A. Would he not permit such bad behavior if Mr. Mills were still the headmaster.

B. Did Mr. Mills be still the headmaster, he wouldn’t permit such bad behaviour,

C. Were Mr. Mills still the headmaster, he wouldn’t permit such bad behaviour.

D. Should Mr. Mills have been the headmaster, he wouldn’t permit such bad behaviour.

10. It was only when I heard the full story that I realized I had been taken in.

A. Only when did I hear the full story that I realized I had been taken in.

B. Only when did I hear the full story did I realize that I had been taken in.

C. Only when I heard the full story that I realized had I been taken in.

D. Only when I heard the full story did I realize that I had been taken in.

Exercise 1: Complete each sentence, using one of the four phrases given.

1. Never before in my life .................

A. I have ever tasted such a good apple

B. I had ever tasted such a good apple

C. have I ever tasted such a good apple

D. will I ever taste such a good apple

2. The car was too expensive ...............

A. for us to buy                                                        B. for us to buy it

C. enough for us to buy                                            D. that we wouldn’t buy it

3. The accident ............. was the mistake of the driver.

A. which causes many people to die                          B. to cause many people to die

C. caused great human loss                                       D. causing many people to die

4. The water well is said ..........

A. dug by the local people a long time ago

B. to be dug by the local people a long time ago

C. to have been dug by the local people a long time ago

D. to dig by the local people a long time ago

5. ............. seemed a miracle to all of us.

A. When he had recovered so soon               B. That he recovered so soon

C. What he recovered so soon                       D. His recovery be so soon

6. It was imperative .................

A. that he would arrive there in time              B. that he arrive there in time

C. that he had to arrive there in time              D. that he arrived there in time

7. ......... a helicopter, we would have saved the lives of the flood victims.

A. Haven’t we had                                       B. Had we had

C. Did we have                                            D. May we have

8. Despite their efforts,             .

A. they could not score another goal                      B. another goal could not be scored

C. yet they could score another goal                D. and they could not score another goal

9. Supposing you had seen the incident, what              ?

A. would you do                                       B. would you have done

C. would you have been done             D. will you do

10. They were such difficult tests              .

A. that I couldn’t finish                               B. so I couldn’t finish them

C. that I couldn’t finish them                        D. for me to finish

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence, using one of the four phrases given.

1. Peter has received several scholarships               .

A. as resulting of his ability in the arts and the academy

B. because of his academic   andartistic ability

C. for both his academic ability   as well as his artistic

D. not only because of his artistic but his academic ability

2.              , he has never been out of his hometown.

A. Strange as it may seem                     B. Strange may as it    seem

C. May it seem strange                          D. As strange it may   seem

3.             , we were all thirsty afterwards.

A. As a result of the soup was very salty

B. Although the soup was very salty

C. Because of the soup was very salty

D. As the soup was very salty

4. No sooner had the football match started            .

A. than it started to rain heavily

B. than did it start to rain heavily

C. when did it start to rain heavily

D. when it started to rain heavily

5.              we’ve been having!

A. What a dreadful weather                          B. What dreadful weather

C. How dreadful is the weather                     D. How dreadful the weather

6.              has tickets is allowed in.

A. Only anyone whom                                C. Only anyone who

B. Only who is anyone                                 D. Only is anyone who

7. The police advised           _.

A. the man against hiding the truth                C. the man not hiding the truth

B. the man not hide the truth                      D. the man not to hiding the truth.

8.             , this problem would not have happened.

A. You had followed the orders                    B. You followed the orders

C. Had you followed the orders                     D. Had you been followed the orders

9. It is important that            

A. an exact record should be kept                  B. an exact record to be kept

C. keeping an exact record                            D. to keep an exact record

10. This mountain is              .

A. higher than that one nearly 100 metres

B. higher nearly 100 metres than that one

C. nearly 100 metres higher than that one

D. higher that one nearly 100 metres

Exercise 3: Complete each sentence, using one of the four phrases given.

1. Only after you finish your homework           .

A. I will take you out for a walk                  B. will be you taken out for a walk

C. you will be taken out for a walk              D. will I take you out for a walk

2. The classroom is empty. I think they            to the laboratory.

A. must have gone                                 B. need have gone

C. should have gone                              D. can have gone

3.              the policeman arrived to arrest him.

A. He had entered the building no sooner than

B. No sooner had he entered the building than

C. Hardly had he entered the building than

D. No sooner he had entered the building than

4.             poor results but also may cause accidents.

A. Haste does not only produce              B. Haste had not only  produced

C. Haste not only produces                    D. Haste produces not only

5. But for mobile phones,             it difficult to communicate with each other now.

A. we would have found                        B. we would find

C. we will find                                      D. we find

6. The building            is going to be pulled down next month.

A. in where his house is located             B. in which his house  is located in

C. where his house is located                 D. where his house is  located in

7.              They complained    .

A. the landlady about the leak on the roof

B. to the landlady about the leak on the roof

C. about the leak on the roof to the landlady

D. about the landlady the leak on the roof

8. Mary’s work was             .

A. as good as, if not, better than ours            B. so good as, if not, better than ours

C. as good like, if not, better than our           D. as well as, if not, better than  ours

9. Could you tell me             ?

A. what is the weather like today                B. what the weather is like today

C. what is the weather today                           D. what the weather is today

10. Ann advised us to withdraw             .

A. so as  to get not involved                     B. so as not to get involved

C. as not to get involved                          D. as to get involved

Exercise 4: Complete each sentence, using one of the four phrases given.

1.               causes of population growth.

A. Family planning’s failure

B. Failure in family planning is one of the

C. Failure of family planning often

D. Failure in family planning are

2. The post office offers            .

A. a special mail service which is particularly fast

B. a special mail service, it is particularly fast

C. a special mail service, that is particularly fast

D. a special mail service who is particularly fast

3. If I were the British Prime Minister,           .

A. I’d lower taxes                                  B. I’d better lower taxes

C. I’d have lowered taxes                       D. I’d lowered taxes

4. When I retire,             .

A. I’ll do a lot of voluntary service for the Red Cross

B. I’ll expect doing a lot of voluntary service for the Red Cross

C. a lot of voluntary service for the Red Cross will be done

D. a lot of voluntary service for the Red Cross will be expected to be done

5. Most people think that volunteer work should              .

A. encourage more in our communities

B. be encouraged more in our communities

C. be more encouraged in our communities

D. more encouraged in our communities

6. The building              is being restored.

A. which built more than a century ago

B. built more than a century ago

C. was built more than a century ago

D. that built more than a century ago

7. The first person             .

A. to arrive at the meeting was the secretary

B. who arrives at the meeting was the secretary

C. arrived at the meeting was the secretary

D. who has arrived at the meeting was the secretary

8. What did you do? - After finishing my homework,               .

A. I go out for a drink with my friends

B. I went out for a drink with my friends

C. I had gone out for a drink with my friends

D. I have gone out for a drink with my friends

9. The post clerk - is my sister.

A. is talking to customers                             B. is to talk to customers

C. talking to customers                                D. talks to customers

10. He is intelligent enough        .

A. to understand the problem

B. so that he can’t understand the problem

C. for him to understand the problem

D. for us to understand the problem

Exercise 5: Complete each sentence, using one of the four phrases given.

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ĐÁP ÁN

Bài tập câu đảo ngữ

Exercise 1:

1.C    2. A        3. D     4. C       5. C      6. B      7. D      8. D        9. D     10. B

Exercise 2:

1.B    2. B        3. B     4. B       5. A      6. A      7. A      8. A        9. B     10. A

Exercise 3:

1.A    2. B        3. D     4. C       5. B      6. B      7. A      8. B        9. C     10. C

Exercise 4:

1. A    2. B        3. A     4. D       5. C      6. B      7. A      8. D        9. B     10. A

Notes:

4. in/ under no circumstances = dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không bao giờ.

Exercise 5:

1.B      2. A      3. C      4. C      5. D      6. B      7. A     8. B       9. C      10. D

Notes:

10. take someone in = lừa gạt, lừa phỉnh.

Bài tập trắc nghiệm hoàn thành câu

Exercise 1:

1.C    2. A 3. D 4. C  5. B 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C

Exercise 2:

1.B 2. A 3. D  4. A    5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C

Exercise 3:

1. D  2. A 3. B 4. C    5. B 6. C 7. B8. A 9. B 10. B

Notes:

8. if not = used to say what the situation will be if something does not happen (bằng không thì, nêu không thì).

Exercise 4:

1.B     2. A     3. A     4. A     5. B            6. B       7. A    8. B 

Exercise 5:

1. D  2. C 3.C 4. A  5.D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9.D 10. A

Exercise 6:

1.B    2. D 3. B      4. D      5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9.C 10. D

Exercise 7:

1. A  2. D 3. B      4. B      5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D

Exercise 8:

1.D    2.A 3. C      4. B      5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9.B 10. A

Exercise 9:

1.C    2.C 3. C      4. D      5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9.D 10. C

Exercise 10:

1.C    2. B 3. A      4. C      5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A

Bài tập trắc nghiệm tìm câu đồng nghĩa

Exercise 1:

l.D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A        8. A 9. A   10. B

Exercise 2:

1. D    2.C 3. B4. A 5. D 6. D  7. A 8. C 9. A 10. A

Exercise 3:

1.A    2. D 3. A 4. B  5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B

Exercise 4:

1. B    2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D  7. B8. C9.D 10. B

Exercise 5:

1.B    2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10.  D

Exercise 6:

1.B   2. D 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C  7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D

Exercise 7:

1.C    2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A  7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B

Exercise  8:

1.B    2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D  9. D 10. D

Exercise 9:

1.D    2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A8. B  9. D 10. B 

Exercise 10:

1.B    2. A 3.C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A

Bài tập chuyển hoá câu

Exercise 1.

Five years have passed since I last saw her.

He has been investigating the case for a week.

It is over twenty years since he last went back to his hometown.

Tom has driven/been driving since he was nineteen.

When did they get engaged?

We have written/ been writing to each other for six years.

It has not rained for a fortnight.

She hasn’t had a swim for five years.

I haven’t seen Julie for three weeks.

When did Catherine and Henry get engaged?

She has worked/ been working as a secretary for five years.

It is (now) twenty years since John and Mary moved to Edinburgh.

At the end of this week, I will have worked/ will have been working here for two years.

Before I went to the zoo last week, I had never seen a real tiger.

By the time Mary had read the book, she knew what the answer was.

After leaving/ having left school, he joined the army, (or) After he had left school, he joined the army.

It is a year since I last saw them.

We haven’t decorated this room for years.

When did they buy the house?

It is Jim’s 18th birthday next week.

Exercise 2.

The film star avoided being recognized by wearing/putting on dark glasses.

The boss permitted me to leave early.

My best friend offered to help me with my homework that day.

I regretted ever having written the letter.

He greatly regretted not seeing Ann on her trip to London.

She advised John not to trust Peter.

That old typewriter is not worth repairing.

She persuaded me not to leave.

She admitted to having taken the necklace.

My friend suggested sharing the cost.

He regretted not saying/ having said goodbye to her at the airport.

The hijacker forced the pilot to land the plane immediately.

The teacher expects the students to come to class on time.

The teacher encouraged the students to try harder and get good marks the next time.

It is better to avoid standing under a tree when it is raining.

Would you mind not making so much noise?

The driver of the car admitted speeding when the accident happened.

Do you regret not accepting/not having accepted his offer?

Why don’t you put off complaining and do something?

She advised me to give up that relationship. Exercise 3.

The lions are fed by the zoo keepers at 3 pm every day.

The street hasn’t been cleaned this week.

Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect.

These artificial flowers are made of glossy paper.

The plumber repaired the leak this morning.

New projects for extra places in schools will have to be made.

Serious injuries can be prevented by wearing seat-belts in cars.

Paper is believed to have been invented by the Chinese in 105 A.D.

The robbers are believed to have got into the bank through the roof.

Acid rain is thought to be now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.

The spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.

The drop in the number of school leavers is said to have been caused by the fall in the birth rate between 1990 and 1995.

The climate is thought to be changing.

The accident is thought to have been caused by human error.

This switch isn't to be touched.

The destruction of the old city of London in the 1600s was caused by a fire.

This work must be finished by six o'clock.

He was not allowed to know what I was thinking.

Already this year fifteen people have been killed in industrial accidents.

This is the first time (that) his authority has been challenged.

We were shown to our seats by the usher.

The bank manager was made to hand over all the money (by the robbers).

Man is mainly distinguished from other animals by the power of speech.

Does the application have to be typed?

Anyone found trespassing on this land will be prosecuted (by the authorities).

The edge of the shore was slowly being covered with oil.

It has been suggested that income tax should be abolished.

The party may have to be cancelled.

He was allowed to leave after he had been questioned by the police.

He has been operated on many times, (to operate on somebody for something = mo, phau thuật.)

Some improvements have recently been made to/in the bus service in this town.

No formal announcement of the decision will be made.

All the seats for the concert on December 14th have been sold/ booked.

There is said to be plenty of oil off our own coast.

What happened that fateful night may/will possibly never be known.

No reply from the secretary was sent to me for ten days.

The concert may have to be cancelled.

I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year.

The prisoner is thought to have been recaptured while drinking in a pub.

Completed application forms must be handed in/returned by 3 pm on Friday, 18th December.

Sally was given a new iPad for her birthday by her parents.

Mr. Hill’s students are taught to understand different English accents.

Was the garage built at the same time as the house (was)?

Further information can be obtained by sending a self-addressed envelope to the above address.

On being told about the robbery the manager was very astounded.

Does you aunt really need meeting/ to be met at the station?

Professor Van Helsing needs meeting/ to be met at the airport.

An increased number of travellers are being stopped B, Customs officials.

The manager was nowhere to be found.

Do not despise the poor, (despise (v.): to feel contempt for sb/sth = xem thường, khinh miệt.

Exercise 4.

We have had the decorators finish our first floor.

All the shops had their windows blown out in the gas explosion.

I had the washing machine mended by Mr. Dryden.

Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home.

She had her car serviced yesterday.

He had his watch stolen yesterday.

She had her car repaired yesterday.

I must have my suit cleaned before the interview.

When I am busy, I often get my sister lo wash my clothes/ my clothes washed by my sister.

The manager usually has his personal assistant sort out his documents/ his documents sorted out by his personal assistant.

The singer had very little money (left) when he died, which surprised everybody.

That poet, whose name I have forgotten, is very well-known.

There are more than one thousand employees in the factory where I work.

The only thing (that) I am interested in is why he did it.

The football team, whose manager is a famous Spanish footballer, have won all their matches this season.

Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs, to whom I spoke only last week, died in that terrible train accident.

The joke that/which 1 told made Michael laugh.

This reporter, whose background I know well, is absolutely honest.

A frost which came late spoiled much of the fruit crop.

was told about that by a man whom/ that I don’t know.

Exercise 5.

This hat is the cheapest of mine.

Home computers aren’t as/so expensive as they used to be.

Nowhere is as nice as your own country, is it?

The smoking of cigarettes is no longer as popular/ widespread as it used to be.

I don’t know about it as much as she does/her.

I was the last to know/hear about the accident.

Is this the best hotel you could find?

I have never had such a good meal before.

He is behaving more violently than ever before.

No one stands a better chance of winning the race than him.

You are better at describing people than 1 am.

Not as many people were infected with HIV 5 years ago as they are this year.

Jim is not such a good mechanic/so good a mechanic as Peter.

You have never had such a good offer as/so good an offer as 6,000 pounds before.

Martin's latest novel is not as interesting as his last one.

There is no statesman thai I admire more than the President.

I have never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother (is).

The average depth of the Pacific (Ocean) is greater than that of the Atlantic.

It was not so much a discussion as an argument.

In my opinion, there is no better pianist than him/ no one that is a better pianist than him in the whole orchestra.

He earns as much in a week as I do in a month.

The annual rainfall in the north-west of Britain is higher/ greater than that in   the south-east.

The average skyscraper in the USA is higher anywhere else in the world, (or) The average height of skyscrapers in the USA is higher than anywhere else in the world.

There were far fewer people there than I had expected.

No one in the world can play the guitar as well as you.

The morzyou run, the healthier you will become.

The less time my boss has, the better he works.

The older I get, the less I want to travel.

The more proficient he is, the more he is fond of the game.

The more qualifications you can get, the more success you can/ will make, (or) The more qualifications you can get, the more successful you are/ will be.

Exercise 6.

If Jimmy weren’t lazy, he wouldn’t often get bad marks.

If we had had a map, we wouldn’t have got lost.

If we had had enough money, we would/could have gone on holiday.

If she had hurried, she would have caught the train.

If I had known she couldn’t eat beef, Iwouldn’t have bought it.

Unless you leave a forwarding address, we will not be able to contact you.

Provided that you save some money, you will be able to buy a car.

If the boys had some matches, they could light the fire.

If the new car had not been so expensive, he would have bought it.

Supposing that you failed your driving test, would you take it again?

The captain told us that if that tanker broke up, there would be an oil slick all along the coast.

Unless you water these flowers, they will die soon.

If it hadn't been for his competence/he hadn't been so incompetent, they would not have failed.

If you had told me in advance, I could have avoided that date.

If he had been more careful, we would/could have finished the work.

If my husband had left the car keys I could have picked him up at       the       station.

Unless you have a good command of English, you can’t/ won 7 be      able to work for

this travel agency. Were you to follow my advice, you would be successful.

I wouldn't be surprised if the company made a profit next year.

If the foundations hadn't been weak, the building wouldn't have collapsed.

Had it not been for the goalkeeper, we would have lost the match/ we wouldn’t have won the match.

If he hadn't been so over-confident, he wouldn't have been defeated in the Wimbledon final.

Provided that the weather is good, we will put out to sea.

Had it not been Mary's support, I wouldn't have been able to finish the project.

Had his aunt not died and left/ given him a legacy of $10,000 he would not have been able to buy the house he wanted, (legacy (n) = tài sản thừa kế.)

Were it not for the money this job wouldn't be worthwhile.

If I were you, I'd take more exercise.

If he hadn't had his wife's constant support, he would never have achieved his ambition.

If it hadn't been readable, I wouldn't have got through the book so quickly.

As long as you follow this instruction carefully, you won't have any problems.

Unless he lived for the others, his life would be meaningless.

Had I known that he was the author, I wouldn't have been so rude about his new book.

If it hadn't been for her insistence/insisting on kissing everyone goodbye, she would have caught the train.

Had it not been for his solicitor's advice, he would have made a serious mistake.

Without his neighbour's help, Mr. Watson couldn't have repaired (he garage roof.

But  for  his  father'  early  retirement,  Richard  wouldn't  have  taken  over  the  family business.

But for his qreal speed, John wouldn’t/ couldn’t have won the gold medal.

As long as you (can) keep/ stay calm, you will pass your driving test.

if he had studied his lessons carefully, he wouldn’t get bad marks now/ he would get good marks now.

Even if I had tried to telephone him, he wouldn't answer the phone after midnight.

Unless a famous director had seen her act in a school play, she wouldn't be a star.

If only your sister could come as well.

I wish I had finished my homework last night.

They wish they hadn’t done business with him.

I wish I had taken my doctor s advice.

Mary wishes she had been put in a higher class.

If only my English were fluent enough to go for the interview.

I wish you had told us about your mother's problem.

Maria wishes she had applied for the job in that international company.

Mrs. Taylor wishes she lived in a bigger house, (or) Mrs. Taylor wishes she had a bigger house.

Exercise 7.

The girl asked Jim why he hadn’t gone to the club the night before/ the previous night.

She said that if she were me, she would not come there that day.

The journalist wanted to know how many survivors there were.

The doctor advised him to get out in the sun as often as possible or he could get ill again.

The customer wanted to know when the manager came back.

It was reported that over $40 million had been received during the previous ten days.

The inspector accused him of stealing/ having stolen the jewels.

Tim wondered if he would ever find a job.

A police patrol warned us not to park our car on the double yellow line, (or) A police patrol warned us against parking our car on the double yellow line.

Peter asked if he could borrow Janet’s typewriter.

The manager threatened not to select Brian for the team unless he trained harder/ if he didn’t train harder.

“Please wake me at 7 o ’clock tomorrow morning, ” I asked the hotel porter.

Mark reminded Vivian to buy some bread on her way home from work.

Bill doubted whether John would come.

Barbara said that she had seen them at her parents’ house the previous year.

Tony said that he had never been to London and he thought he would go there the following year.

My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me.

Tom promised to give Janet the answer by the end of that week.

My friend advised me not to smoke so much.

The suspect denied having been in the shop when the robbery happened.

Exercise 8.

I wasn't in the office yesterday, so it must have been my assistant (that) you spoke to.

It can't have been Mrs. Elton you saw because she's in Bristol.

He must have finished all his exercises and gone shopping.

Andy can’t be having a bath.

They must be hungry now.

John can’t be at school right now.

Nam might have gone out with his girlfriend.

Tina couldn’t have stolen the money.

The article must have been written by Kate.

Helen must be playing the guitar now. In the event, we needn't have taken out the extra insurance.

You shouldn't have left the window open.

I shouldn’t have parked my car outside the police station.

I needn’t have given Ted the message.

Tom should have studied harder for his graduation exams.

You should have called the fire brigade at once.

Francis ought to have tried harder to find his brother, (or) Francis ought to have made more effort to find his brother.

Mike should have listened to your advice.

James should have been told the news a long time ago.

The father needn’t have given the daughter too much money.

Exercise 9.

Never had she expected that she was so successful.

Only in a situation like this do children learn a lot about how to behave.

Only by united opposition can we eliminate world terrorism.

Only after a twelve-hour wait/ a delay of twelve hours did their flight leave.

Only after the money is received will we deliver goods.

Only after you obtain a driving license can you drive a car.

Only when it is quite independent can the country be prosperous.

Only later did I realize that I had made a big mistake.

Little does she understand how much suffering she has caused.

Little did we know at the time how serious the problem was.

Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy.

Not until John received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate a party.

Not until the men had crossed the border did they feel safe.

Not until he came into the light did I recognize him.

Not only did Diana sprain her ankle but she also broke her leg.

No sooner had they arrived than things went wrong.

No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.

No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released.

No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents.

No sooner had the ship touched the shore than the soldiers leaped into the water.

Hardly had they begun work when the lights failed.

Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.

Hardly does a day pass without my writing to him.

So fierce was the dog that nobody would visit them.

So foolish is he that he can't remember his lessons.

At no time did he suspect (that) the money had been stolen.

So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately.

Never before had a king resigned/ was there any king's resignation.

Under no circumstances am I to be disturbed.

Each retiring employee is given/presented a gold watch by the company.

Little do the passengers realize how lucky they have been in this accident.

Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete.

Only when Alice and Charles (had) had their second child did they decide to move to a bigger house.

At no time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreement.

Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike.

No sooner had the announcements been made than everyone started complaining.

Never had she expected that she was so successful.

Not until I visited him did I realize how ill he was.

Only B, Chance was a policeman passing when I was attacked.

Only when the general's personal diaries were published did the truth come out.

Exercise 10.

I turned down the offer to work for IBM. (turn down = bác bỏ (lời đề nghị).)

I’m afraid we have run out of cooking oil. (run out of = hết, cạn kiệt.)

Paula turned up when everyone had gone home, (turn up = đến nơi, xuất hiện.)

Derek ran into his former teacher ort the way to thestadium yesterday, (happen (v.) = tình cờ; run into someone = ngẫu nhiên gặp.)

Steve came across some of his high school friends while he was waiting outside the shop, (come across = gặp một cách tình cờ.)

Mr. Roberts will call you back as soon as he comes.

Ann takes after her mother, (take after somebody/something = toresemble   (giống   với, tương tự với người nào hoặc vật nào).

We’d better think it over before we made an important decision, (think something over = xem xét kĩ, nhất là trước khi đi đến quyết định.)

The company turned down Hung’s offer.

She has always got on well with the children, (get on/along with somebody = hòa đồng với ai, có quan hệ thân hữu.)

We had to put off our wedding until September, (put off = hoãn lại)

apologize for being/ having been rude to you yesterday.

He blamed the food shortages on the rapid growth in population, (blame something on somebody/ something = đố lỗi.)

Nobody paid attention to my protests/ took (any) notice of my protests, (take no notice of = không quan tâm đến.)

I  object  to  people  criticizing  me  unfairly/  mv  being  unfairly  criticized,  (object  to somebody/ something - phản đổi ai/ cái gì.)

You  must  congratulate  her  on  her  success  in  passing  the  exams,  (congratulate somebody on something = chúc mừng.)

Exercise 11.

No matter how long you use it, it will not wear out.

However experienced you are, driving fast is dangerous.

Whenever we meet again in the future, we'll always remember these days together.

Wherever he is hiding, we must find him.

Try as hard as I might I couldn't open the door.

Whichever route you take, it will still take you about three hours to get there.

No matter how much louder he can shout, I still won't take any notice.

No matter how carefully I listened, I couldn't understand him.

No matter what I do, my parents find fault with me.

However hard she works, she never seems to succeed.

However long it may take/ takes, I'll find that man.

However tempting the offer was, he would never agree to sell his business.

Whatever your requirement is, the Volvo meets it admirably.

Whatever price you offer for the painting, I won 7 sell it.

However hard Fred tried to start the car, he didn't succeed, (or) However hard Fred tried, he couldn’t start the car.

Exercise 12.

James didn't sign the contract until he had spoken to his lawyer.

It wasn't until all the guests had gone home that we could relax.

It isn't until you'll be ill that you start to appreciate good health.

It wasn't until he was 30 that he passed his driving test.

Until I tell you, you cannot leave.

While I was having dinner, the phone rang.

Once you have learned the basic rules, you'll find it easy to play.

When the cat is absent/ away, the mice will play.

The moment I got up to dance the band stopped playing.

They had no sooner sold their house than they were offered a better price for it.

Exercise 13.

It was such an interesting film that I couidn 7 go to bed.

It was such a low bridge that the bus couldn’t go under it.

It was such bad tea that couldn't drink it.

The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away.

It was such a great demand for tickets that people queued day and night.

They had such a fierce do that nobody would visit them.

There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider.

She wasn't so deaf/ hard of hearing that she couldn’t hear the phone ring.

The door was too heavy for the child to push open.

The hamburger was so delicious that I ate twice.

The gate is closed so that the children cannot/ will not to run into the road.

He will come so as to be sure of meeting you.

So as not to disturb/ to avoid disturbing the children, we left quietly.

In order not to be late, they left fifteen minutes earlier than necessary.

So as not to miss the first bus, we got up early.

It's a mystery what (has) happened to the two climbers.

What amazes me is the mistakes he makes.

What I found surprising was his lack of confidence.

What the headmaster said was very reassuring, (reassuring (adj.) = làm yên lòng, làm vững dạ.)

That mosquitoes cause malaria is well-known.

There is no point in considering such a ridiculous proposal seriously.

What really makes me angry is the way people deface walls, (deface (v.) = làm xấu đi, làm mất vẻ đẹp.)

What Ann's mother gave her was a gold watch.

We spent three hours painting the door.

It took us half an hour to walk from our house to the river.

Exercise 14.

Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill.

On safe arriving of the ship at the airport, the victims were taken to hospital.

Unlike other languages, Esperanto has no irregular verbs.

On arrival at the shop the goods are inspected carefully.

On hearing the news of her husband's death she fainted.

On being asked about the strike, the Prime Minister declined to comment.

Once the opera had begun, late-comers had to wait before taking their seats.

I wanted to thank Martin for having taken the time to help me.

What with working too hard and eating too little, he became ill.

Not having been to America before, she found it a whole new experience.

These workmen complained about not having been told about the new regulations of the company.

Contrary to appearance/ its harmless appearance, the dog was, in fact, quite dangerous.

Contrary to your belief/ to what you think, fat people are not always jolly.

It is not likely that they will succeed.

Jennifer forgave me for having been very rude to her because she knew I had been in a bit of state.

Exercise 15.

Although Linda felt very depressed, she went to the party.

Despite his both broken legs in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before

it exploded.Despite her severe disability/ being severely disabled, Judy took part in many sports.

Even though he had a lot of money, he wasn't happy.

Industrious as he is, he hasn't succeeded.

Although rain was forecast, it stayed fine.

Charming as Tony is, Iwouldn’t trust him.

In spite of a good salary/ having a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.

Although the robbery took place in broad daylight, there seems to have been no eye-witnesses.

Despite being constantly interrupted, Professor Thompson finished his lecture.

In spite of my warning, they climbed that tree.

Although he is old, he often plays badminton every morning.

Even though there are few/ not many passengers on it, the coach to Dover will still leave as planned.

Friendly as he seems/ may seem, he is not to be trusted.

Strong as he is, he still can’t lift the box.

Although he was tired, he agreed to help me with my homework.

Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive.

Despite not having seen a rhinoceros, Albrecht Durer created a fairly good picture of one.

Even though George loved travelling in Asia, he decided not to go to Indonesia because of his fears of terrorism.

Even though the weatherman predicted rain for tomorrow, they will go camping.

Exercise 16.

This is the most romantic story that I have ever read, (or) This is the first time I have read such a romantic story/ so romantic a story.

It came as no surprise (to me) that Harry had failed his driving test.

To stop him from drinking every day is not easy.

It looked as if the house had been unoccupied for several months.

It look as if it is going to rain.

It is essential that every child have/should have the same educational opportunities.

It was Tom who first recognized her extraordinary musical gift.

It's impossible to forecast next year's turnover and profits.

Would it be possible to speak to him about the problem?

Travelling by air always makes me nervous.

The rough sea made the ferry unable to sail.

Whether you are rich or poor, happiness is elusive, (elusive (adj.) = khó tìm thấy.)

I'd rather not have lunch yet.

I'd rather that you didn't smoke in here.

I'd rather you didn't give me an injection.

I would rather you delivered the sofa on Friday.

It's high time (that) you bought a new pair of shoes and got rid of those trainers.

It's high time (that) you were able to dress yourself.

It’s time you cut your hair.

The doctor suggested I (should) rest for a few days after the operation.

Henry suggested to Anne that she should go to the doctor if she had (got) a pain in her back.

John suggested (that) Barbara (should) put a better lock on the door.

John suggested inviting Dustin and Sophie to a barbecue that weekend.

You are supposed to obey him. (supposed to do something = được cho là.)

Nothing can prevent/ stop/ keep me from going to the States.

Exercise 17.

I have no intention of giving you any more money.

I never had any intention of going to the meeting.

The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike.

Ever since his accident/he had the accident, Philip has been unable to make decisions.

Throughout his life, the fisherman was very poor.

Swearing at the referee earned him a suspension of two matches, (earn somebody something = (ai) đáng nhận cái gì; suspend (v.) = treo giò (cầu thủ); suspension (n.) = sự đình chỉ.

The students deserved severe punishment for their riotous behaviour.

She prides herself on her playing the piano/herself on being such a good pianist.

(be proud of something = tự hào, hãnh diện; to pride oneself on something = tự hào, hãnh diện về (ai/ cái gì).

I can't see the attraction of spending all day on the beach.

The patient made a more rapid recovery than expected.

His refusal to help surprised us.

It was with great relief to hear that her condition was not serious.

Against everybody's expectation, she lost.

His insistence on having his own way led to difficulties.

We want his approval of/for this important scheme.

It's a choice between this and that.

His  confession  of  a  whole  series  of  crimes  amazed  everybody,  (to  confess  to something/doing something = thú nhận; confession of something /doing something = sự thú nhận.)

The engine failure was due to a badly fitted part (to the fact that a part had been badly fitted).

We've given the matter some thought and have finally come to a decision.

He is a more persuasive speaker than his brother.

Exercise 18.

There is no need to make an appointment to see the personnel manager.

She is a more sympathetic listener than anyone else I know.

We haven't received confirmation of/ about our hotel booking yet.

The exhibition has not been so well attended this year.

Are you in agreement with Jill's views on male-female relations?

I couldn't resist the temptation to buy the dress.

Her failure in passing/ to pass the exams depresses her.

Thoughts must be given to ways of improving the transport system.

Much to our regret, we must/ have to inform you that your application has not been successful.

There was severe criticism of the proposals for the new motorway.

Despite my strong disapproval of your behaviour, I will help you this time.

In few other books there is such a good explanation of this problem.

Bad weather led to the postponement of the meeting.

He has arranged for everyone over sixty to be provided with a pension, (arrange for somebody to do something = dàn xếp để ai làm cái gì.)

As no one has expressed any disapproval of the scheme, I suggest we go ahead.

There is no denial that prevention is better cure.

I don't feel like going to that party tonight.

You won't be able to buy/ gel a house in that district for less than $ 200,000.

What convinced him to go to Italy instead of France? (convince/ persuade somebody to do something = thuyết phục.)

Before these machines were invented, people had to queue.

Exercise 19.

It was not until six o'clock that he came/ It was six o’clock when he came.

It is not my fault if the tin-opener's broken.

It is a two-hour train journey from Loudon to Bristol.

Do not sign the delivery without checking for damage.

She seems to me to be enjoying her new job a great deal.

Who does this suitcase belong to?

I'm seldom able to afford to spend my holiday abroad.

I found his performance very impressing.

She often gets permission from her employers to go to the United States.

Having bars on your window prevents people from breaking into your house.

She doesn't study hard enough.

I can barely see any mark on that dress.

Nothing but a full apology would satisfy him.

Nothing but a complete story would satisfy Tim.

You had better take the train.

I'd rather stay in tonight.

The car cost me only a few hundred pounds.

In case of emergency, ring this number.

You pay in twelve successive monthly installments of $20.

That's got nothing to do with you.

Exercise 20.

I can't meet all my financial commitments with my income.

Most students are capable of working very hard when they feel like it.

Her uncle didn't leave her anything in his will.

No one seems to have predicted the correct result.

She gave a brilliant performance in the school play.

Their wedding took place in the summer of 2000.

All hope that he was alive was in vain, (to despair of something/doing  something

= het hi vọng, tuyệt vọng. His life was despaired of. (Bệnh tình anh ấy thậthết  hi  vọng  cứu chữa.)

Every time we rang, there wasn't any answer.

I certainly won't ever go to that restaurant.

We were not able to have our picnic because of the heavy rain.

Is she trustworthy?

She always gives me a cup of coffee when I visit her flat.

Due to the recent increase in the robberies, the police are advising vigilance. (vigilance (n.) = sự cảnh giác, sự đề phòng (nguy hiểm).

Joseph is leaving for Athens for graduate work in archeology.

I built this on my own.

It's just a question/ matter of waiting long enough to get what we want.

There is  absolutely no  truth  in that  rumour  about  the  politician  and  construction contract.

Martin's poor health does not stop/prevent him (from) enjoying life.

I didn't realize the extent to which he was influenced by his brother, (to some/ a certain/ the extent = đến một mức độ nào đó.

All that he did was due to his kindness, (out of = because of)

Exercise 21.

There's nothing I would not do for you.

Not having been born in this country means that you can't vote, (or) Not having been born in this country prevents you from voting.

You must write letters of application by hand.

It's not the job I'm interested in, it's the people.

We shall soon find a solution to overcome our present financial problems.

Never accept cheques without proof of identity.

I don't seem to have brought my medical card with me.

His habit of rising at dawn lasted until his old age.

There is no satisfactory answer for that question.

They didn't stop smoking through the meal.

The soup powder just needs boiling water added to it according to the instructions.

He denied being/ having been there at that time.

What made her late?

It is better for me to get back to work.

There is no limit to what you eat for $50 at the new lunch bar. (no limit to something = không có giới hạn đổi với cái gì.)

The police would not allow us to get nearer/let US get nearer.

It doesn't take Jack long to lose his temper.

It wasn't until Shirley was eight that she began to read.

Alan's illness was the result of/ was caused by (his) working too hard at the office.

Galileo is regarded as being the father of modern astronomy.

Exercise 22.

Arthur apologized for hurting/ having hurt my feelings.

He insisted on seeing the manager.

It is essential to work very hard if you want to be successful in business.

According to the drama critic of the ”Daily News", the new play is regarded as a major breakthrough.

I am interested in reading science books.

Her work resulted in the discovery of eight new comets.

I didn’t pay much attention to the girl standing at the gate.

Few students paid attention to what Professor Harrison was saying.

Only you and I knew who the robber was.

You needn’t finish the work by Saturday, (or) You don’t need to finish the work by Saturday.

I wasn’t early enough to see him.

The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming.

David Beckham is not young enough to play in that teenagers’ soccer championship.

The new car was too expensive for him to buy.

The furniture was too expensive for me to buy.

It was too late to do anything, (or) It was too late for anything to be done.

The water was not warm enough for the children to swim in.

We had no difficulty (in) finding the house.

She reminded him to phone the office.

In case you get hungry on the train, take some sandwiches.

Exercise 23.

It is a six-hour drive from here to London.

It took us 5 hours to travel to London.

It takes me 20 minutes to get to work.

He was annoyed with his secretary for coming to work late, (or) He was annoyed

that his secretary came to work late.

She is not used to life in London.

My English friend isn’t used to driving on the right.

It was impolite of him to leave without saying a single word.

Why don’t we go abroad for our holiday this year?

Would you mind not smoking in the ward?

He was too tired to watch the whole film, so he fell asleep.

After these young men had had six years of training, they became doctors.

There is nothing I wouldn’t do to be able to travel to China.

My father has difficulty (in) following maps.

We were so shocked to hear that an earthquake had occurred.

Yoghurt is supposed to do you good. (do you good = cải thiện sức khoẻ hoặc cuộc sống.)

In all probability/ likelihood, the whole thing will hove been forgotten by next term, (in all probability/ likelihood = rất có thể.)

A heavy shower stopped/prevented them from finishing their game.

He is always short of money.

Our house has been for sale/ on the market for over six months.

Thanks to my uncle's generosity, we were able to go or7 a Mediterranean cruise.

Exercise 24.

You mustn’t aren’t allowed to ride a  bicycle along the pavement.

The excuse for declaration of war was the defence of their territorial rights. (pretext of something/ doing something = cớ, lí do.)

By stretching the rope from one side of the crevasse to the other, they were able to haul their equipment across.

The risks of this scheme are too great for my liking.

There is no point in trying to get Jim to lend you his car/ in trying lo borrow Jim’s car.

There is hardly anything/ very little that he doesn’t know about whales.

The operation left Simon weaker feeling than he (had) expected.

No parking is allowed here.

You must either pay the bill at once or return the goods.

I derive a lot of pleasure from collecting stamps, (derive something from = nhận được từ; derive pleasure from = tìm thấy niềm vui thích từ.)

You  haven't  accounted  exactly  for  the  disappearance  of  the  money,  (account  for something = giải thích nguyên nhân gây ra điều gì.)

Nothing but an unforeseen problem can stop the scheme now.

If you want me to hear you, you will have to speak up.

With the exception of Philip, everyone else at the meeting was a party member. (with the exception of = ngoại trừ.)

Publicly-maintained school do not charge tuition fees.

Would it be possible to speak to someone about my problem?

Mrs Wilson sends her apologies for not having attended the meeting yesterday morning.

If you want accommodation in Brighton, it is advisable to book in advance.

There wasn't much time/ a long time left when the winning goal was scored.

To my surprise, Mary got into university despite the fact that/although she hadn't worked hard at school.

Exercise 25.

My purpose in holding this meeting is to present the latest sales figures.

Urgent action must be taken to solve the problem of homelessness. (or) Urgent measures are necessary to solve the problem of homelessness.

No fewer than 2,000 visitors a month must visit/ use the new leisure centre to make a profit.

There have been no changes to the team since last Saturday's match.

There is no difference in weight between these two boxers.

She flatly refused to sleep in that haunted house.

The storm surprisingly caused little damage in the area.

He is the most likely person to succeed in solving the problem.

This will be the first time the group has appeared/ has played in the USA.

Le Corbusier had a great influence on the development of architectural styles.

Her contributions to class discussions are enthusiastic.

Refusal to give a breath sample to the police could lead to your arrest.

You are certain/ bound to meet lots of people in your new job.

We will still go whether it rains or not.

Nobody is to blame/ responsible for the fact that the meeting was cancelled.

Hardly a day passes/ goes by without my writing to him.

Because of the proper combination of the chemicals, the prescription has brought about the expected result.

Throughout his life, the man suffered from great poverty.

Why did they turn up so late?

There is nothing Iwouldn’t do to prevent him from going there.

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