So sánh thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn

SO SÁNH THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

1. Thì quá khứ đơn

Động từ to be

Khẳng định:   

I/he/she/it + was

You/we/they + were

It was in 1998 that she was born.

(Đó là vào năm 1998, cô ấy được sinh ra)

Phủ định:    

I/he/she/it  + wasn't

You/we/they +  weren't

They weren’t good men.

(Họ là những người đàn ông không tốt)

Nghi vấn :   

was + I/he/she/it + O?

Were + you/we/they + O?

Were you the best student in your class?

(Bạn có phải là học sinh giỏi nhất lớp không?)

Động từ thường

Khẳng định:   

S + V-ed/irregular verbs

She studied hard to pass the exam.

(Cô ấy học chăm chỉ để vượt qua kỳ thi)

Phủ định:     

S + didn't + V-inf

Last Sunday I didn't play football. I went swimming.

(Chủ nhật tuần trước tôi không đi chơi bóng đá. Tôi đã đi bơi)

Nghi vấn:   

Did + S + V-inf?

Did she do her homework?

(Cô ấy đã làm bài tập về nhà của cô ấy chưa?)

2. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Khẳng định:  

I/he/she/it + was +V-ing

You/we/they + were + V-ing

She was learning at 8 p.m yesterday.

(Cô ấy đã học lúc 8 giờ tối hôm qua)

Phủ định:       

I/he/she/it + wasn’t + V-ing

You/we/they + weren't + V-ing

They weren’t studying when I came home.

(Họ không học khi tôi về nhà)

Nghi vấn:       

Was I/he/she/it + V-ing?

Were you/we/they + V-ing?

What were you doing this morning?

(Bạn đã làm gì sáng nay)

II. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn

 Mỗi thì có mỗi cách sử dụng khác nhau như sau:

1. Thì quá khứ đơn

Dùng diễn tả các hành động diễn ra ở quá khứ và không còn liên quan đến hiện tại, thường dùng để kể lại các câu truyện. 

Các trạng từ thường sử dụng với quá khứ: Yesterday; two days ago, the day before; ago; already; last (last week, last month, last summer holiday...); in + mốc thời gian trong quá khứ (in 1999,...).

Thì quá khứ đơn được dùng cho những hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ ở một thời điểm nhất định. 

Vì thế nó được dùng:

Cho một hành động quá khứ khi nó chỉ rõ thời điểm:

I met him yesterday.

(Tôi đã gặp hắn hôm qua)

Pasteur died in 1895.

(Pasteur đã chết năm 1895)

Khi thời điểm được hỏi đến:

When did you meet him?

(Anh đã gặp hắn lúc nào?)

Khi hành động xảy ra một cách rõ ràng ở một thời điểm nhất định ngay cả khi thời điểm này không được đề cập đến:

The train was ten minutes late.

(Xe lửa đã trễ mười phút).

How did you get your present job?

(Anh đã có được việc làm hiện nay bằng cách nào?)

I bought this car in Montreal.

(Tôi đã mua chiếc xe hơi này ở Montreal)

Thì quá khứ đơn hay được dùng khi trong câu có “for + khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ”

He worked in that bank for your years.
(Anh ta đã làm việc ở ngân hàng đó được bốn năm)

She lived in Rome for a long time.

(Cô ta đã sống ở Rome một thời gian dài)

Thì quá khứ đơn cũng dùng cho thói quen ở quá khứ used to + V-inf.

I used to play football on Sunday

(Tôi thường chơi đá bóng vào chủ nhật)

She never came to visit me in 2002.

(Cô ấy không bao giờ đến thăm tôi vào năm 2002)

He always carried an umbrella.

(Ông ta luôn luôn mang theo một cái dù).

They never drank wine.

(Họ không bao giờ uống rượu).

2. Cách dùng của thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

At 10 a.m yesterday, I was at home. I was cleaning the house.

(10 giờ sáng hôm qua, tôi đã về nhà. Tôi đã đang lau nhà.

When he came, I was cleaning the house.

(Khi anh đến, tôi đang lau nhà)

Sự kết hợp giữa quá khứ đơn + quá khứ tiếp diễn để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào. Sự kết hợp của hai thì quá khứ đơn thường chỉ những hành động liền nhau, tuần tự. 

When I saw him, he was talking on the phone.

(Anh ta đang nói chuyện điện thoại, tôi nhìn thấy anh ta)

When he saw me, he put the receiver down.

Khi anh ta nhìn thấy tôi, anh ta đặt ống nghe xuống.)

Cấu trúc: While + QKTD, QKTD (quá khứ tiếp diễn) để diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra song song tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.

While my mother was cooking, my father was watching TV.

(Trong khi mẹ tôi đang nấu ăn, bố tôi đang xem TV).

Dùng để chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp (trực tiếp (direct speech) sang gián tiếp (indirect speech))

He said that “I am leaving tomorrow”   → He said that he was leaving the following day.

(Anh ấy nói rằng ngày mai tôi sẽ rời đi → Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy sẽ rời đi vào ngày hôm sau)

He said that “I am living in London”   → He said he was living in London

(Anh ấy nói rằng tôi đang sống ở Luân Đôn → Anh ấy nói anh ấy đang sống ở Luân Đôn)

Quá khứ tiếp diễn cũng được dùng với “always”

He was always ringing me up.

(Anh ta luôn luôn gọi điện cho tôi)

He was always working.

(Anh ta luôn làm việc).

III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết của hai thì

Trong câu thường có các từ như:

1. Thì quá khứ đơn

Last night/ year/month (tối hôm trước/năm trước/tháng trước).

Last night I watched TV with my mother
(Tối qua, tôi xem TV cùng mẹ)

….+ ago.

I lived in Da Lat

(Tôi đã sống ở Đà Lạt trước đây)

Yesterday (hôm qua)

I went to the supermarket yesterday

(Tôi đã đi siêu thị hôm qua)

 in + Mốc thời gian (in 2018)

I graduated from university in 2017.

(Tôi đã tốt nghiệp đại học năm 2017)

2. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

At this time last month: ( thời gian đó tháng trước)

At this time last month I was living in Da Lat

(Thời gian đó tháng trước tôi đang sống ở Đà Lạt)

At this moment last year: ( thời điểm đó năm trước)

At this moment last year I was studying at a university

(Thời điểm đó năm trước tôi đang học ở trường đại học)

While:( trong suốt)

I played sports while my mother was cooking lunch.

(Tôi đã chơi thể thao trong khi mẹ tôi đã đang nấu bữa trưa)

At 8 p.m last night: ( vào 8 giờ tối hôm qua)

At 3 pm yesterday, I was going out with Lan.

(Vào lúc 3 giờ chiều hôm qua, tôi đang đi ra ngoài với Lan)

Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) (1) …………to the beach for the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) (2) …………in the sea while my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a sand castle and my father (drink) (3) …………. some water. Suddenly, I (see) (4) …………a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be) (5) …………beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart (beat) (6) …………fast. I (ask) (7) …………him for his name with a shy voice. He (tell) (8) …………me that his name was John. He (stay) (9) …………with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have) (10) …………a lot of fun together. At the end of my holiday when I left Hawaii I said goodbye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote me a letter very soon and I answered him.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. went

2. was swimming

3. was drinking

4. saw

5. was

6. was beating

7. asked

8. told

9. stayed

10. had

I. Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

1. I ___________________down the street when it begin to rain (go)

2. At this time last year, I ___________________an English course (attend)

3. Jim ________________ under the tree when he heard an explosion (stand)

4. The boy fell and hurt himself while he _________________ a bicycle (ride)

5. When we met them last year, they______________ in Santiago (live)

6. The tourist lost his camera while he________________ around the city (walk)

7. The lorry _______________ very fast when it hit our car (go)

8. While I ____________________in my room, my roommate ___________________ a party in the other room (study/ have)

9. Mary and I___________________ the house when the telephone rang (just leave)

10. We __________________ in the café when they saw us (sit)

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - was going	2 - was attending	3 - was standing	4 - was riding	5 - were living
6 - was walking	7 - was going	8 - was studying - was having	9 - were just leaving	10 - were sitting

II. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. She (sleep) _______ in her room when her friend (come) _______.

2. While I (do) _______ my homework, my brother (play) _______ video games.

3. If I (be) _______ you, I would not do that.

4. What (be) _______ you (do) _______ at 9pm yesterday?

5. Larry (not invite) _______ Chris to his last birthday.

6. Jon and his girlfriend (fly) _______ to Bali for their honeymoon.

7. When the teacher (speak) _______, a phone (ring) _______.

8. I (want) _______ to be a teacher when I (be) _______ a kid.

9. At midnight 2 days ago, someone (pass) _______ by my window.

10. They (stop) _______ by the petrol station when they (ride) _______ to work.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. was sleeping, came	2. was doing, was playing	3. was	4. were/doing	5. did not invited
6. flew	7. was speaking/rang	8. wanted/was	9. was passing	10. stopped/ were riding

III. Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn

1. I ________________ (call) Mr Wilson at 9 last night, but he (not be)_________________at home. He (study) _______________ at the library

2. I _________________ (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because I ________________ (sleep)

3. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun______________(shine). The birds_____________(sing)

4. My brother and sister ________________ (talk) about something when I ________________ (walk) into the room.

5. Tom went to his friends ‘house, but the boys ___________________ (not be) there. They (play)_____________soccer in the vacant lot down the street.

6. The little boy _______________ (fall) asleep while his mother___________________ (read) him a story.

7. I really enjoyed my holiday last January. While it_______________(snow) in Iowa, the sun ______________ (shine) in Florida.

8. While Ted _______________ (shovel) snow from his driveway yesterday, his wife _________________ (bring) him a cup of hot chocolate.

9. John _________________ (have) a car accident last week. He __________________ (drive) down the street when suddenly a lorry __________________ (hit) his car from behind.

10. Ten years ago, the government _______________ (decide) to begin a food programme. At that time, many people in the rural areas _______________ (starve) due to several years of drought.

11. They ___________________(wait) for me when I _________________ at the station (arrive)

12. She ________________ (swim) in the sea when I ___________________ her (see)

13. ___________________they__________________(play) tennis when it _________________ raining (start)?

14. We __________________ (drive) home from the theatre when the police __________________(stop) us.

15. The wind __________________ (blow) very hard when I ________________(go) out this morning.

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - was calling - wasn't - was studying; 2 - didn't hear - was sleeping;

3 - was shining - were singing; 4 - were talking - walked; 

5 - weren't - were playing; 6 - fell - was reading; 

7 - was snowing - was was shining; 8 - was shoveling - was bringing;

9 - had - was driving - hit; 10 - decided - were starving; 11 - were waiting - arrived; 

12 - was swimming - saw; 13 - Were ... playing - started;

14 - were driving - stopped; 15 - was blowing - went; 

IV. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

1. At this time last year, they ­­­­­­­­­­­­(build) this house.

2. I (drive) my car very fast when you called me.

3. I (chat) with my friends while my teacher (teach) the lesson yesterday.

4. My father (watch) TV when I got home.

5. At this time yesterday, I (prepare) for my son's birthday party.

6. What you (do) at 8 pm yesterday?

7. Where you (go) when I saw you last weekend?

8. They (not go) to school when I met them yesterday.

9. My mother (not do) the housework when my father came home.

10. My sister (read) books while my brother (play) football yesterday afternoon.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. were building; 6. were you doing;

2. was driving; 7. were you going;

3. was chatting; 8. weren't going;

4. was watching; 9. wasn't doing;

5. was preparing; 10. was reading;

V. Biến đổi các câu sau sang phủ định, câu hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi đó.

1. He was planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday.

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

2. They were working when she came yesterday.

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

3. She was painting a picture while her mother was making a cake.

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

4. Anne was riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday.

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

5. He was typing a letter when his boss went into the room.

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

- ............................................................................

ĐÁP ÁN

1. He was planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday.

- He wasn't planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday.

- Was he planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday?

Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.

2. They were working when she came yesterday.

- They weren't working when she came yesterday.

- Were they working when she came yesterday?

Yes, they were./ No, they weren't.

3. She was painting a picture while her mother was making a cake.

- She wasn't painting a picture while her mother was making a cake.

- Was she painting a picture while her mother was making a cake?

Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't.

4. Anne was riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday.

- Anne wasn't riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday.

- Was Anne riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday?

Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't.

5. He was typing a letter when his boss went into the room.

- He wasn't typing a letter when his boss went into the room.

- Was he typing a letter when his boss went into the room?

Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.

V: Chọn đúng thì của các câu sau:

1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.

2. What were you doing/ did you do when I phoned?

3. They didn't visit/ weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.

4. It rained/ was raining heavily last July.

5. While people were talking to each other, he read/ was reading his book.

6. Chris was eating/ ate pizza every weekend last month.

7. While we were running/ run in the park, Mary fell over.

8. Did you find/ Were you finding your keys yesterday?

9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?

10. They were watching/ watched football on TV all day.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. saw

2. were you doing

3. did'nt visit

4. rained

5. was reading

6. ate

7. were running

8. Did you find

9. did she dance

10. were watching

VI. Tìm các lỗi sai trong các câu sau:

1. I was play football when she called me.

2. Was you study Math at 5 p.m. yesterday?

3. What was she do while her mother was making lunch?

4. Where did you went last Sunday?

5. They weren't sleep during the meeting last Monday.

6. He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning.

7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did.

8. Last week my friend and I go to the beach on the bus.

9. While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell.

10. Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened.

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - play thành playing; 2 - study thành studying;

3 - do thành doing; 4 - went thành go;

5 - sleep thành sleeping; 6 - have thành had

7 - broke thành break; 8 - go thành went;

9 - am thành was; 10 - turn thành turned;

VII. Hoàn thành các câu sau với từ cho sẵn:

1. Where/ you/ go? When/ you/ go?

=>

2. Who/ you/ go with?

=>

3. How/ you/ get/ there?

=>

4. What/ you/ do/ during the day?

=>

5. you/ have/ a/ good/ time?

=>

6. you/ have/ any/ problems?

=>

7. How long/ you/ be/ there?

=>

8. What/ your parents/ do/ while/ you/ go/ on holiday?

=>

ĐÁP ÁN

1. Where did you go? When did you go?

2. Who did you go with?

3. How did you get there?

4. What were you doing during the day?

5. Did you have a good time?

6. Did you have any problems?

7. How long were you there?

8. What were your parents doing while you were going on holiday?

VIII

1. What was she doing when _______?

2. I _______ when my father came in.

3. My sister was running while _______.

4. I went in the class, _______.

5. During the date, while he was talking a lot, _______.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. What was she doing when you walked by?

2. I was playing on my phone when my father came in.

3. My sister was running while I was just walking slowly.

4. I went in the class, tried to find a spare seat and then sat down.

5. During the date, she was not saying anything at all.

IX: Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1............to the beach for the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) 2............in the sea while my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink) 3 some water. Suddenly I (see) 4............a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be) 5............beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart (beat) 6............fast. I (ask) 7............him for his name with a shy voice. He (tell) 8............me that his name was John. He (stay) 9............with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have) 10............a lot of fun together. At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.

ĐÁP ÁN

In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1 went to the beach for the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) 2 was swimming in the sea while my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink) 3 was drinking some water. Suddenly I (see) 4 saw a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be) 5 was beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart (beat) 6 was beating fast. I (ask) 7 asked him for his name with a shy voice. He (tell) 8 told me that his name was John. He (stay) 9 stayed with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have) 10 had a lot of fun together. At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.

X. Chia động từ ở trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để hoàn thành câu.

1. I lost my keys when I ________ (walk) home.

2. It was raining while we ________ (have) dinner.

3. I saw the department stores when I ________ (sit) on the bus.

4. Her phone rang while she ________ (talk) to her new boss.

5. My friends ________ (drive) to work when they heard the news on the radio.

6. He ________ (ride) his bicycle when the cat ran across the road.

7. We couldn’t go to the beach yesterday because it ________. (rain)

8. It was a lovely day. The sun was shining and the birds ________ (sing) in the trees.

9. The tourist lost his camera while he _____ (walk) around the city.

10. The lorry _____ (go) very fast when it hit our car.

11. I _______ (walk) down the street when it began to rain.

12. At this time last year, I _______ (attend) an English course.

13. Jim ________ (stand) under the tree when he heard an explosion.

14. While I _____ (study) in my room, my roommates ________ (have) a party in the other room.

15. Mary and I _________ (dance) the house when the telephone rang.

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - were walking; 2 - were having; 3 - were sitting; 4 - was talking; 5 - were driving;

6 - was riding; 7 - was raining; 8 - are singing; 9 - was walking; 10 - was going;

11 - were walking; 12 - were attending; 13 - was standing; 14 - were studying – were having

15 - were dancing;

XI. Viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn dựa trên từ gợi ý

1. (they / take the exam?)

2. (when / he / work there?)

3. (you / make dinner?)

4. (they / drink coffee when you arrived?)

5. (when / we / sleep?)

6. (they / study last night)

7. (we / talk when the accident happened)

8. (he / not / exercise enough)

9. (I / talk too much?)

10. (it / not / snow)

ĐÁP ÁN

1 - Were they taking the exam?

2 - When was he working there?

3 - Were you making dinner?

4 - Were they drinking coffee when you arrived?

5 - When were we sleeping?

6 - They were studying last night.

7 - We were talking when the accident happened.

8 - He wasn’t exercising enough.

9 - Was I talking too much?

10 - It wasn’t snowing.

XII

Last year, I (spend) _______ my summer holiday with my family. We (decide) _______ to go to Danang and Hoi-An because these places are famous for being beautiful. On the first day of the trip, we (go) _______ to My-Khe beach. While my father (swim) _______, my sister (build) _______ the sand castle. On the second day, we (rent) _______ a car nearby our hotel and (drive) _______ to Hoi An. When we (drive) _______, it (rain) _______. However, it (not affect) _______ our trip much. We (visit) _______ some old temples and (eat) _______ famous food there. When we (walk) _______ around the ancient town, we (see) _______ a lot of lanterns hung in front of every house. We really (have) _______ fun in our trip.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. spent	2. decided	3. went
4. was swimming	5. was building	6. rented
7. drove	8. were driving	9. rained
10. did not affect	11. visited	12. ate
13. were walking	14. saw	15. had