Chuyên đề Gerunds - Danh động từ

CHUYÊN ĐỀ GERUNDS - DANH ĐỘNG TỪ

I. Definition & Formation: Danh động từ là hình thức phái sinh của động từ và thực hiện các chức năng như các danh từ. Danh động từ được cấu tạo bằng cách thêm hậu tố – ing vào sau động từ gốc như các ví dụ dưới đây:

	verbs	gerunds		verbs	gerunds
1.	camp	camping	6.	jog	jogging
2.	dive	diving	7.	hike	hiking
3.	drive	driving	8.	mountaineer	mountaineering
4.	fish	fishing	9.	shop	shopping
5.	gamble	gambling	10.	study	studying

Functions: Danh động từ có hầu hết các chức năng như danh từ. Trong khuôn khổ tài liệu này chỉ những chức năng cơ bản có liên quan đến các mảng kiến thức ôn tập thi THPT Quốc gia của danh động từ được mô tả và phân tích như sau:

Subject (S): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm chủ ngữ cho động từ.

e.g.   Fishing is his hobby.

S             Vp

Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy.

S                                           Vp

Studying abroad is a new trend in Vietnam.

S                             Vp

Complement (C): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm bổ ngữ cho động từ.

e.g.      Her passion is studying.

S              V     C

What we really want is escaping from this terrible place.

S                    V                    C

Her favourire pastime is fishing.

V C

Compound nouns: Các danh động từ thực hiện chức năng tạo ra các danh từ ghép như sau:

1. Gerund-noun: Ghép một danh động từ với một danh từ để tạo thành một danh từ ghép:

e.g.                  fishing-rod                cooking-apple        driving license

wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil Note: A fishing-rod is a rod for fishing.

A reading lamp is a lamp for reading.

etc.

2. Non-gerund: Ghép một danh từ với một danh động từ để tạo thành một danh từ ghép:

e.g.                  fruit-picking              sky-diving               bush walking

time-counting           bodybuilding                        windsurfing

etc.

• Object (O): Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ cho động từ hoặc giới từ như trình bày dưới đây:
• Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs – Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ trực tiếp cho các động từ theo mẫu câu:

S – V – V+ing
1.	admit	9.	enjoy	17.	mention	25.	recollect
2.	appreciate	10.	escape	18.	mind	26.	report
3.	avoid	11.	finish	19.	miss	27.	resent
4.	begin	12.	hate	20.	postpone	28.	resume
5.	consider	13.	keep	21.	practice	29.	risk
6.	continue	14.	like	22.	prefer	30.	resist
7.	delay	15.	enjoy	23.	quit	31.	suggest
8.	deny	16.	love	24.	recall

e.g.      He admitted having stolen the car.

She denied having cheated during exam.

We finished working on our projects months ago.

Children practice speaking English day after day.

4.2. Verb preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câ

S – V – pre – V+ing
1.	apologize for		13.			get to	25.	plan on
2.	approve of		14.			give up	26.	put off
3.	believe in		15.			go back to	27.	rely on
4.		care for		16.	hesitate about		28.		result in
5.		complain of		17.	insist on		29.		return to
6.		confess to		18.	keep on		30.		safe from
7.		consist of		19.	lead to		31.		succeed in
8.		count on		20.	long for		32.		take to
9.		depend on		21.	look forward to		33.		think about
10.		dream of		22.	mean by		34.		think of
11.		end in		23.	object to		35.		threaten with
12.		forget about		24.	persist in		36.		worry about

e.g.      He apologized to me for having broken the vase.

She complained of not having been informed about the meeting.

We gave up working on our projects months ago.

Children succeeded in speaking English day after day.

4.3. Adjective preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ thực hiện chức năng làm tân ngữ cho các cụm tính từ giới từ dưới đây theo mẫu câu:

S – be – adj – pre – V+ing
1.	absorbed in	21.	embarrassed at	41.		right in
2.	accustomed to	22.	excited about	42.		scared at (of)
3.	afraid of	23.	far from	43.		set on
4.	amused at	24.	fed up with	44.		sick of
5.	angry with	25.	fond of	45.		skilled in (at)
6.	annoy at	26.	fortunate in	46.		slow in
7.	ashamed of	27.	free from	47.		sorry for
8.	aware of	28.	frightened of	48.		successful in (at)
9.	bored with	29.	furious at	49.		sure of
10.	busy with	30.	given to	50.		surprised at
11.	capable of	31.	good at	51.		thankful for
12.	careful about	32.	grateful for	52.		tired of
13.	careful in	33.	happy in (at)	53.		unaware of
14.	careless of	34.	incapable of	54.		unconscious of
15.	certain about	35.	interested in	55.		upset at
16.	clever at	36.	keen on	56.		worried about
17.	conscious of	37.	nice about	57.		wrong in
18.	content with	38.	pleased at
19.	delighted at	39.	proud of

20. different from 40.  responsible for

e.g.      The little boy was absorbed in playing video games.

The police are careful in investigating the case.

He is incapable of running such a big firm like that.

They are tired of waiting for the entrance exam results.

We were worried about travelling so far away from the head-quarter.

4.4. Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings) : Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các ngữ cố định sau:

·	can’t bear	e.g. He can’t bear staying at home all day.
·	can’t face	e.g. The lady can’t face meeting her ex-husband very often.
·	can’t stand	e.g. I can’t stand seeing him in this situation.
·	can’t help	e.g. We couldn’t help weeping when we reunited yesterday.

• feel like….e.g. I felt like going out right after he enter

·	It’s no use…	e.g. It’s no use explaining to such a mischievous boy.
·	It’s (not) worth…	e.g. It’s not worth buying a second hand phone like that.
·  There’s no point in…		e.g. There’s no point in quarreling as we have another ways.

4.5. Adjectives: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các tính từ sau:

1.	amusing	6.	hopeless	11.	strange
2.	comfortable	7.	lovely	12.	useless
3.	difficult	8.	nice	13.	wonderful
4.	easy	9.	off
5.	great	10.	pleasant

e.g.      It’s amusing spending time with you here.

It’s hopeless waiting for an unpunctual person like him.

It’s useless staying out waiting for the postman.

4.6. Noun preposition: Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các cụm danh từ giới từ sau:

1.	choice of	3.	intention of	5.	possibility of
2.	excuse for	4.	method for	6.	reason for

e.g.      He has a choice of studying abroad.

They have no intention of selling their car.

He gave no reason for being late.

4.7. Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs – Các danh động từ và cụm danh động từ theo sau các tân ngữ của các động từ sau:

1.	call	6.	get	11.	notice
2.	catch	7.	hear	12.	see
3.	discover	8.	imagine	13.	send
4.	feel	9.	keep	14.	set
5.	find	10.	leave	15.	stop
				16.	watch

e.g.      He catches the boy climbing over the wall.

They saw an old man crossing the street.

We watched the ants fighting.

4.8. Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases;

Find/ found + it + V-ING:

e.g.      He found the film annoying.

They find the long walk tiring.

• When/ on /while / as + V-ING:

e.g.      When opening the case, he found his lost notebook.

On reading the letter, she burst into tears.

While cleaning the room, she found a diamond ring.

• Special verbs: Một số động từ đặc biệt mà theo sau có thể là gerunds, hoặc infinitives, cụ thể như dưới đây:

5.1. stop: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau: a. stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work)

Dừng một việc để thực hiện việc khác

e.g.      He stops to smoke. (He stops his work and starts smoking)

We stopped to rest. (We didn’t work anymore, and we rested)

1. stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit ) Từ bỏ một điều gì đó

e.g.      He stops smoking. (He no longer smokes)

They stopped fighting. (They gave up fighting)

5.2. try: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:

try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do). Cố gắng làm gì đó

e.g.      He tried to lift the case. (He managed to lift the case and succeeded)

He tried to work hard. (He did with all his capability)

try + gerunds (= to experience). Thử làm gì đó

e.g.      He tried lifting the case. (He wanted to know whether he could lift it)

He tried smoking. (He wanted to know how he was when he smoked)

5.3. remember: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:

1. remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task).

Ghi nhớ để thực hiện nhiệm vụ (luôn nhắc nhở bản thân thực hiện)

e.g.      He remembered to lock the door. (He had to lock the door)

They remembered to buy food. (They reminded themselves to do so)

2. remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task)

Nhớ về việc đã làm (bản thân chắc rằng mình đã thực hiện công việc đó)

e.g.      He remembered locking the door. (He was sure that he had locked the door)

He remembered sending an email. (He was sure that he had sent)

5.4. forget: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:

forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task). Quên mất một nhiệm vụ

e.g.      Sam forgot to buy food. (Sam didn’t buy food)

He forgot to close the door. (He didn’t close the door)

forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten). Quên một việc đã làm e.g. Sam forgot buying food. (He bought food but he didn’t remember)

She forgot refunding my money. (She refunded but she forgot that)

5.5. Regret: mang hai nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau các cấu trúc khác nhau như sau:

1. regret + to infinitives (not want to do this task)

Bận tâm/ tiếc khi phải làm (hành động chưa được thực hiện)

e.g.      Kim regretted to say the truth. (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to)

He regretted to call the police. (he didn’t want but he had to)

2. regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly)

Hối tiếc về việc đã làm (hành động đã được thực hiện)

e.g.      Kim regretted saying the truth. (He said and he regretted what he’d done)

He regretted not calling the police. (He wished he had called the police)

Exercise 1. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. I remembered____________ up in that house with my brothers and sisters.

A. to grow

B. to growing

C. grow

D. growing

2. They are going to______________ the pool to 1.8 meter.

A. deep

B. depth

C. deepe

D. deeply

3. Is it possible for us to____________ to the cinema without him?

A. reach

B. come

C. arrive

D. go

4. I want you to____________ your best clothes tonight for the party.

A. wore

B. dress

C. put on

D. hung up.

5. She encouraged______________ the job.

A. to take the job

B. that Frank should take

C. Frank to take

D. to Frank to take

6. I____________ you can swim so well and I can’t.

A.hate                      B. hate it that                          C. hate that                     D. hate it

7. Michael made me____________ him next week.

A. to promise to call

B. to promise calling

C. promise to call

D. promise calling

8. We watched the cat____________ the tree.

A. climbed

B. climb

C. had climbed

D. was climbing

9. I wish you____________ stop interrupting me whenever I speak

A. will

B. would

C. did

D. might

10. I expect____________ a postcard from my father in England today.

A. being received

B. to receive

C. receiving

D. to be receiving

11. The child was told to____________ for being rude to his uncle.

A. excuse

B. apologize

C. forgive

D. confess

12. If you want your son to do better on his exams, I suggest he____________ harder.

A. will study

B. studies

C. will study

D. study

13. I am looking for a friendly young person to help_____________ my elderly brother while I go out to work during the day.

A. take after

B. give care of

C. put up with

D. look after

14. ____________ the class size is our school’s immediate aim.

A. Reduced

B. Reduces

C. Reducing

D. Reduce

15. The plants need_____________ before noon.

A. watering

B. to water

C. be watered

D. being watered

16. The school required that every student _____________before September 1st.

A. register

B. registered

C. registers

D. was registered

17. She resented_____________ waiting for hours in front of the cinema.

A. to be kept

B. keeping

C. being kept

D. being keeping

18. The government has tried to ____________the price of petrol, but they failed.

A. bring on

B. put in

C. bring down

D. get over

19. I’m __________ quite hungry now, aren’t you?

A. getting

B. becaming

C. turning

D. growing

20. Our learning and teaching equipment needs __________ if further improvement is to be achieved.

A.modernized      B. to modernize                           C. modernizing                            D. modernize

Exercise 2. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. I don’t like____________ when I am not there.

A.criticizing                     B. being criticized        C. to criticize             D. to be criticized

2. Would you mind_____________ me a hand?

A.give                                   B. gave                                     C. to give                          D. giving

3. _____________ is a sport in which you move along the surface of the sea or a lake on a long narrow board with a sail on it.

A.Water polo                        B. Diving                          C. Windsurfing            D. Scuba diving

4. Sometimes I do not feel like______________ to my sibling about my troubles.

A.talk                                          B. to talk                           C. talking                         D. talked

5. Their children very much enjoy____________ cartoons.

A.watch                                     B. watching                    C. watched                      D. to watch

6. I regret_____________ that your application has been unsuccessful.

A.say                                        B. saying                    C. have said                            D. to say

7. The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone____________ information about his activities or whereabouts.

A.has                                            B. having                          C. who have                   D. have

8. I’ll never forget_____________ that race. What a thrill!

A.to win                                     B. win                                 C. being won                 D. winning

9. The painting was beautiful. I stood there_____________ it for a long time.

A.for admiring                       B. being admired      C. admire                         D. admiring

10. I was enjoying my book, but I stopped_____________ a program on TV.

A.reading to watch                                                             B. to read to watch

C.to read for watching                                                     D. reading for to watch

11. – Mike: “Have you ever met the man_____________ over there?”

Jane: “No. Who is he?”

A.stands                                     B. standing                      C. is standing                D. who he is standing

12. My brother stopped____________ two years ago.

A.smoked                                  B. smoke                          C. to smoke                    D. smoking

13. Do you mind____________ the cooking?

A.doing                                       B. to do                              C. before                          D. then

14. When friends insist on______________ expensive gifts, it makes most people uncomfortable.

A.them to accept                B. they accepting      C. their accepting          D. they accept

15. A specific area of biotechnology that shows great promise for treatment and cure of life-_____________ diseases.

A.developing                        B. threatening               C. hoping                         D. fitting

16. He tried to limit himself to____________ 10 cigarettes a day.

A.be smoking                        B. have smoked        C. smoke                          D. smoking

17. The girl said that she was afraid of____________ alone in dark.

A.being left                           B. left                                  C. to be interested D. interest

18. When he was questioned by the police, he admitted knowing about the wrongdoing, but denied_____________ in any way.

A.to be involved

B.involving

C.having involved

D.being involved

19. Sometimes very young children have trouble_____________ fact from fiction and may believe that dragons actually exist.

A.to separate                                 B. separating     C. to be separated  D. for separating

20. We enjoy___________ time together in the evening when the family members gather in the living room after a day of working hard.

A.spending                             B. caring                           C. taking                           D. doing

Exercise 3. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1. She hated____________ football matches on T.V and that’s why she scolded her husband.

A.watch                                     B. watching                    C. watched                      D. to watch

2. Henry should have asked for help instead___________ to do it himself.

A.of trying                                B. to try                             C. try                                   D. from trying

3. Who is the woman talking to Mai? I don’t recall___________ her around the office before.

A. to have seen

B. seeing

C. to see

D. being seen

4. Mr. Larry was upset by___________ him the truth.

A. our not having told

B. us not tell

C. we didn’t tell

D. not to tell

5. Do you have an excuse____________ late to class two days in a row?

A. for to be

B. for being

C. to be

D. being

6. We considered______________ after work.

A. to go shop

B. going shopping

C. going to shop

D. to go to shop

7. She is busy ___________ for his exams.

A. to study

B. studied

C. studying

D. studies

8. ___________ is the activity of swimming underwater using special breathing equipment.

A. Synchronized swimming

B. Rowing

C. Water polo

D. Scuba-diving

9. When_____________ a European, we should stick to the last name unless he suggests that we use his first name.

A.talking                                  B. speaking                     C. discussing                 D. addressing

10. Before______________ for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from the employer.

A.deciding                              B. applying                     C. requiring                    D. demanding

11. There is only one student in the classroom______________ his lesson.

A.prepared                               B. to prepare                                  C. preparation              D. preparing

12. Industry in the area consisted mostly of food-processing plants and factories ___________consumer goods.

A. renovating

B. initiating

C. developing

D. producing

13. It’s no good __________ your father about your failure.

A. to tell

B. tell

C. telling

D. told

14. ___________ is a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars.

A. Rowing

B. Windsurfing

C. Swimming

D. Water polo

15. The equipment in our office needs_______________.

A. moderner

B. modernizing

C. modernized

D. modernization

16. _____________ stamps is my hobby.

A. Collect

B. Collection

C. Collecting

D. Collected

17. Do you know the woman_____________ over there?

A. sits

B. who sit

C. sat

D. sitting

18. We spent a year_____________ this boat.

A. to build

B. building

C. over building

D. for building

19. My friend Mary is a blabbermouth! She can’t resist____________ everyone what she heard from me.

A.tell                                            B. to tell                            C. telling                           D. being told

20. ____________________, he gained lots of group-work skills.

A.Having lived abroad for years                              C. Live abroad for years

B.In order to live abroad for years                         D. To live abroad for years

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. We are looking forward___________ you again soon.

A. to see

B. to seeing

C. saw

D. have seen

2. My mother was afraid to let the boy___________ the tree.

A. to risk climbing

B. to risk to climb

C. risk climbing

D. risk to climb

3. I remember___________ but he said I did not.

A. to buy him a book

B. buy him a book

C. buying him a book

D. to have bought him a book

4. Remember___________ john a present. Today is his birthday.

A. send

B. to send

C. sent

D. sending

5. I suggest___________ some more mathematical puzzles.

A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D. done

6. Would you mind___________ the door?

A. open

B. to open

C. opening

D. opened

7. You should give up___________ or you will die of cancer.

A. smoke

B. to smoke

C. smoking

D. smoked

8. The driver stopped___________ a coffee because he felt sleepy.

A. have

B. to have

C. having

D. had

9. That old man tried to stop___________ because of his bad health.

A. smoke

B. smokes

C. smoked

D. smoking

10. There is nothing prevent us from___________ the mystery of that palace.

A. discover

B. discovery

C. discovering

D. discoveries

11. I must go now. I promise___________ late.

A. not being

B. not to be

C. to not be

D. I won’t be

12. Do you want___________ with you or do you want to go alone?

A. me coming

B. me to come

C. that I will come

D. that I come

13. I’m sure I locked the door. I clearly remember___________ it.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. to have locked

D. to be locked

She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help___________.

A. laughing

B. to laugh

C. that she laughed

D. laugh

15. I like___________ the kitchen as often as possible.

A. not cleaned

B. clean

C. to clean

D. that I clean

16. He tried to avoid___________ my question.

A. answering

B. to answer

C. answer

D. how to answer

17. Could you please stop___________ so much noise?

A. to make

B. make

C. to have make

D. making

18. I enjoy___________ to music.

A. listen

B. to listen

C. listening

D. listened

19. Have you finished___________ your hair yet?

A. wash

B. washed

C. washing

D. to wash

20. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk___________ knocked down.

A. been            B. to be             C. be                                    D. being

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. Mr. Thomas does not allow people___________ in his office.

A.smoke                           B. to smoke                    C. smoked                       D. smoking

2. We are not allowed___________ in that restricted area.

A.to enter                        B. enter                              C. entering                      D. to entered

3. You had better___________ at home until you feel better.

A.stay                                 B. to stay                          C. staying                         D. stayed

4. The machine needs___________

A.to repair                      B. to be repaired       C. repairing                    D. B and C are correct

5. I couldn’t help___________ when I heard the story.

A. laughing

B. to laugh

C. laughed

D. laugh

6. Peter usually helps his mother___________.

A. to do housework

B. do housework

C. with housework

D. all are correct

7. She used that money___________ a new car.

A. buy

B. buying

C. to buy

D. for buying

8. Can you manage to finish___________ the report in the morning?

A. to write

B. writing

C. writing

D. to write

9. Rex hotel was the best place for us___________.

A. stays

B. staying

C. to stay

D. stay

10. You can’t stop me from___________ what I want.

A. doing

B. do

C. to do

D. that I do

11. Janet is 55, but she isn’t going to retired yet. She wants to carry on___________.

A. to work

B. work

C. works

D. working

12. Hello! Fancy___________ you here! What a surprise!

A. to see

B. seeing

C. seen

D. see

13. I’ve put off___________ the letters so many times. I really must do it today.

A. write

B. to write

C. written

D. writing

14. What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody___________.

A. being

B. be

C. to be

D. were

15. She gave up ______ to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.

A. apply

B. to apply

C. applying

D. application

16. Suddenly he stopped the car in order___________.

A. smoke

B. to smoke

C. smoking

D. has smoked

17. I can’t bear___________ this dirty room.

A. seeing

B. to see

C. seen

D. saw

18. Have you considered___________ to live in another country?

A. going

B. to go

C. gone

D. goes

19. Cathy suggested___________ to the cinema.

A. went

B. not to go

C. not go

D. going

20. They caused her___________ a lot.

A. cried

B. crying

C. to cry

D. cry

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. Paula quit___________ alcohol three years ago.

A. to drink

B. drank

C. being drunk

D. drinking

2. We must do something. We can’t go on___________ like this.

A. to live

B. living

C. life

D. live

3. My mother rarely allows me___________ things for myself.

A. to buy

B. bought

C. buy

D. buying

4. She admitted___________ the money.

A. to steal

B. steals

C. steal

D. having stolen

5. It was late, so we decided___________ a taxi home.

A. to take

B. taken

C. taking

D. was taken

6. Kelvin was in a difficult situation, so I agreed___________ him some money.

A. lend

B. lending

C. to lend

D. lender

7. How old were you when you learnt___________?

A. how to drive

B. how driving

C. how drive

D. how drivers

8. I waved to Karen but I failed___________ her attention.

A. to be attracted

B. to attract

C. attracting

D. attracted

9. We decided ______ because of the bad weather.

A. not going out

B. not to go out

C. not go out

D. not gone

10. She always encouraged her son___________.

A. to jog

B. jogged

C. is jogging

D. jogging

11. They seem___________ plenty of money.

A. are having

B. to have

C. having

D. had

12. I like Jackson, but I think he tends___________ too much.

A. to talk

B. talking

C. talk

D. is talking

13. Ann pretended___________ me as he passed me in the street.

A. not seeing

B. not to seen

C. not see

D. not to see

14. I happened___________ that news from a magazine.

A. known

B. to be known

C. to know

D. know

15. He has been on a diet to___________ weight.

A. have lost

B. having lost

C. to have lost

D. lose

16. I don’t know whether___________ for the job or not.

A. to applying

B. apply

C. to apply

D. applied

17. Do you understand___________?

A. what done

B. what doing

C. what to do

D. what do

18. Can somebody show me___________ the film in this cinema?

A. how to changed

B. how change

C. how changing

D. how to change

19. Don’t forget___________ the letter I gave you.

A. to post

B. posting

C. post

D. posted

There was a lot of traffic, but we managed___________ to the airport in time.

A.are gone                      B. going                             C. to go                              D. to be going

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

1. That hotel is so expensive. They___________ you sixty pounds for bed and breakfast.

A. charge            B. fine                 C. take                                                D. cost

2. I am considering___________ my job. Can you recommend a good company?

A. to move               B. moving          C. to change                                   D. changing

3. A dry pass, meaning the ball does not____________ the water is thrown a few inches above the head of the catching player.

A. catch

B. hold

C. swim

D. touch

4. The train____________ by bad weather. I am not sure.

A. might delay

B. might be delaying

C. might have delayed

D. might have been delayed

5. The room____________ once a day.

A. should clean

B. should be cleaning

C. should be cleaned

D. should have cleaned

6. Two tablets____________ twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly.

A. must take

B. must be taken

C. must have taken

D. must be taking

7. Barbara walked past me without saying a word. She____________ me.

A. can’t have seen

B. can’t see

C. can’t have been seen

D. can be seen

8. The more goals the players____________, the more exciting the match became.

A. marked

B. made

C. scored

D. sprinted

9. How long does the play____________?

A. last

B. extend

C. prolong

D. stretch

10. I think the match____________. Everybody’s gone into the stadium and you can hear them cheering.

A. was started

B. will be started

C. must started

D. must have started

11. We found the exam extremely easy. We____________ so hard.

A. needn’t study

B. needn’t be studying

C. needn’t have studied

D. needn’t have been studied

12. The curtains have____________ because of the strong sunlight.

A. faded

B. fainted

C. lightened

D. weakened

13. The referee___________ the coin to decide which team would kick the ball first.

A. caught

B. threw

C. cast

D. tossed

14. There is plenty of money in our account so those cheques____________ to the bank today.

A.needn’t be taken         B. needn’t be taking C. needn’t take                              D. needn’t taking

15. We____________ with a swim in the lake.

A.took up                                 B. gave in                         C. cooled off                                 D. got out

16. The picnic_____________ because Peter has just had a traffic accident.

A.will cancel                                                                         B. will be cancelling

C.will be cancelled                                                           D. will have cancelled

17. Neil Armstrong was the first man____________ on the moon.

A.to walk                                 B. walking                       C. has walked                               D. walked

18. To____________ a desert is a danger activity which requires careful preparation for risks.

A.comprise                             B. circle                            C. remain                                         D. explore

19. Our industrial output____________ from $2 million in 2002 to $4 million this year.

A.rises                                        B. has risen                     C. rose                                                D. was rising

20. Before___________ for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from the employer.

A.deciding                              B. applying                     C. requiring                                    D. demanding

Exercise 8: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting:

1. Before to go out, remember to turn off the computer.

2. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job.

3. On to hear the telephone ring, I answered it immediately.

4. There’s something wrong with my computer. It may need to repair.

5. It is a dull evening. We have nothing doing.

6. Gets the bad news from her parents, Lan immediately burst into tears.

7. I regret not to help you but I really couldn’t do anything else.

8. Many scientists have tried to unlocking the genetic code.

9. Open the letter from her mother, she feels very happy.

10. To reduce pollution, we have to stop to use many things that make our lives comfortable.

11. It is very difficult for us to preventing forest fires during the drought.

12. People want to conserve the environment, but they can’t help pollute it.

13. An: Let’s go out for a drink. – Ba: I suggest staying at home and watch television.

14. The government has had the ethnic minority settling down and provided them with

15. There are many people visit the Pyramids in Egypt every day.

16. We go to school enriching our mind with knowledge.

17. It is very difficult for human beings fighting pollution.

18. If we don’t care conservation the environment, we will get unavoidable disasters.

19. Would you mind give me a hand, I have a lot of things to do?

20. You have to finished writing the report yourself.

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	D	remember V-ing: nhớ quá khứ
2.	C	be going to V: intension
3.	D	to go to: tới đâu đó
4.	C	put on clothes; mặc quần áo
5.	B	encourage that S should V
6.	B	hate it that S V: ghét cái điều mà
7.	C	make s.b V: bắt ai làm gì
8.	B	watch s.b/s.t V/ V-ing: quan sát
9.	B	S wish S would/ could V (muốn)
10.	B	expect to V: mong muốn làm gì

 

11.	B	apologize for: xin lỗi
12.	D	S suggest (that) S V(bare inf)
13.	D	look after: chăm sóc
14.	C	Reducing (danh động từ làm S)
15.	A	need V-ing: cần được
16.	A	S require (that) S V(bare inf)
17.	C	resent V-ing: chống đối việc gì
18.	C	bring down: kìm hãm, giảm
19.	A	get adj = be adj
20.	C	need V-ing: cần được

Exercise 2. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	B	like V-ing: thích làm gì
2.	D	Would you mind V-ing?
3.	C	Windsurfing: lướt ván nhờ gió
4.	C	feel like V-ing: thích làm gì
5.	B	enjoy V-ing: thích làm gì
6.	D	regret to V: tiếc phải (làm gì)
7.	B	having = who has (reduced clause)
8.	D	forget V-ing: tiếc vì đã (làm gì)
9.	D	stand there V-ing: ở đó (làm gì)
10.	A	stop V-ing: bỏ đi thói quen

 

11.	B	standing = who stands
12.	D	stop to V: dừng việc này để
13.	A	Do you mind V-ing: làm ơn
14.	C	insist on V-ing: nài nỉ
15.	B	life-threatening (adj) đe dọa
16.	D	limit oneself to V-ing: cắt giảm
17.	A	afraid of V-ing: e sợ (làm gì)
18.	D	deny V-ing: chối bỏ việc đã làm
19.	B	have trouble V-ing: gặp rắc rối
20.	A	enjoy V-ing: thích làm gì

Exercise 3. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

Câu		Đáp án		Giải thích
1.		B   hate V-ing: ghét (làm việc gì đó)
2.		A   instead of V-ing: thay vì
3.		B   recall V-ing: nhớ lại
4.		A   sau giới từ dùng V-ing
5.		B   have an excuse of V-ing: tiếc
6.		B   consider V-ing: xem xét/ tính đến
7.		C   be busy V-ing = be busy with V-ing
8.		D   Scuba-diving: môn lặn có thiết bị
9.		D   When V-ing: mệnh đề lược
10.		B   Before V-ing: mệnh đề lược
Câu	Đáp án		Giải thích
11.	D		who prepares: mệnh đề lược
12.	D		produce goods: sản xuất hàng
13.	C		It’s no good V-ing: không đáng
14.	A		Rowing: bơi thuyền
15.	B		need V-ing: (bị động) nên làm
16.	C		Collecting: gerund làm chủ ngữ
17.	D		sitting = who sits: (reduced)
18.	B		spend time V-ing: dùng— làm
19.	C		resist V-ing: cự lại
20.	A		reduced clause using V-ing

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích		Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	B	look forward to V-ing: mong chờ		11.	B	promise not to V: hứa sẽ không
2.	C	let O V: thả, cho phép		12.	B	want s.b to V: muốn ai làm gì
3.	C	remember V-ing: nhớ việc đã làm		13.	A	remember V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì
4.	B	remember to V: ghi nhớ nhiệm vụ		14.	A	can’t/ couldn’t help V-ing
5.	C	suggest V-ing: gợi ý việc gì		15.	C	like/ would like to V: thích làm
6.	C	mind V-ing: phiền (đề nghị)		16.	A	avoid V-ing: tránh việc gì
7.	C	give up V-ing: từ bỏ việc gì		17.	D	stop to V: dừng để làm gì
8.	B	stop to V: dừng việc này để làm		18.	C	enjoy V-ing: thích làm gì
9.	D	stop V-ing: từ bỏ thói quen		19.	C	finish V-ing: hoàn tất/ kết thúc
10.	C	prevent from V-ing: ngăn cản		20.	D	risk V-ing: liều mạng làm gì

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	B	allow s.b to V: cho phép ai làm gì
2.	D	be allowed to V: được cho phép
3.	A	had better V = should V (nên)
4.	D	need to be P.P/ V-ing
5.	A	can’t/ couldn’t help V-ing
6.	A	help s.b to V/ V/ with s.t (giúp)
7.	C	use money to V: dùng tiền để
8.	B	finish V-ing: hoàn tất/ kết thúc
9.	C	for o to V: đối với ai làm gì
10.	A	stop s.b from V-ing: ngăn ai làm

 

11.	D	carry on V-ing: thực hiện
12.	A	fancy to V: vui vì
13.	D	put off V-ing: hoãn, hủy việc gì
14.	C	imagine to V: tưởng tượng việc
15.	C	give up V-ing: từ bỏ việc gì
16.	B	in order to V: để mà làm gì
17.	A	can’t bear V-ing: không chịu nổi
18.	A	consider V-ing: tính/ xét đến
19.	D	suggest V-ing: gợi ý làm gì
20.	C	cause to V: gây ra điều gì

Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	D	quit V-ing: từ bỏ
2.	B	go on V-ing: tiếp tục
3.	A	allow s.b to V: cho phép ai làm gì
4.	D	admit V-ing: thú nhận đã làm gì
5.	A	decide to V: quyết định làm gì
6.	C	agree to V: đồng ý làm gì
7.	A	learn how to V: học cách làm gì
8.	B	fail to V: thất bại
9.	B	decide not to V: quyết định không
10.	A	encourage s.b to V: khích lệ

 

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
11.	B	seem to V: dường như
12.	A	tend to V: có xu hướng làm gì
13.	D	pretend not to V: giả vờ không
14.	C	happen to V: tình cờ
15.	D	to lose weight: giảm cân
16.	C	know to V: biết nên làm gì
17.	C	understand what to V: biết việc
18.	D	show how to V: chỉ/ bày cách
19.	A	forget to V: quyên nhiệm vụ
20.	C	manage to V: cố làm gì

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below.

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	A   charge for: ra giá, bắt trả
2.	D   consider V-ing; change job
3.	D   touch s.t: chạm vào
4.	D   might have been delayed (đoán)
5.	C   should be cleaned (suggestion)
6.	B   must be taken: (điều bắt buộc)
7.	A   can’t have seen (suy đoán)
8.	C   score a goal: ghi điểm/ ghi bàn
9.	A   last: kéo dài (độ dài thời gian)
10.	D  must have started (suy đoán)

 

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
11.	C	needn’t have studied (đoán)
12.	A	faded: mờ, bạc màu
13.	D	toss the coin: tung xu xấp ngửa
14.	A	needn’t be taken (unnecessity)
15.	C	cooled off: làm mát – swim
16.	C	will be cancelled (kế hoạch)
17.	A	the first/ last/ only to V
18.	D	explore: khám phá
19.	B	has risen (thống kê)
20.	B	apply for; xin việc

Exercise 8: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting:

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
1.	B	sửa là: going out (sau giới từ)
2.	B	sửa là: learn (had better V)
3.	A	sửa là: On hearing (sau giới từ)
4.	D	sửa là: repairing (need V-ing)
5.	D	sửa là: to do (nothing to V)
6.	A	sửa là: Getting (reduced clause)
7.	A	sửa là: not helping (đã xảy ra)
8.	B	sửa là: to unlock (try to V: cố)
9.	A	sửa là: Opening (reduced clause)
10.	B	sửa là: using (stop V-ing: từ bỏ)

 

Câu	Đáp án	Giải thích
11.	C	sửa là: prevent (it be adj to V)
12.	D	sửa là: polluting (can’t help)
13.	D	sửa là: watching (sau suggest)
14.	B	sửa là: settle (have s.b V)
15.	C	sửa là: visiting (reduced clause)
16.	B	sửa là: to enrich (chỉ mục đích)
17.	D	sửa là: to fight (it be adj to V)
18.	B	sửa là: to conserve (care to V)
19.	A	sửa là: giving (mind V-ing)
20.	B	sửa là: finish (have to V)

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