Chuyên đề Câu điều kiện và Câu ước

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Dưới đây là nội dung tài liệu Chuyên đề Câu điều kiện và Câu ước giúp các em học sinh lớp 12 có thêm tài liệu ôn tập rèn luyện kĩ năng làm bài để chuẩn bị cho các kì thi sắp đến được HOC247 biên soạn và tổng hợp đầy đủ. Hi vọng tài liệu sẽ có ích với các em.

Chúc các em có kết quả học tập tốt!

1. Lý thuyết

2. Ví dụ

3. Bài tập

CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ CÂU ƯỚC

PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT

PART A- CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

I/ GRAMMAR:

1, Conditional sentences: TYPE 1:

a) Use: câu điều kiện loại 1 còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại .Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

b) Form: Mẫu câu:

Mệnh đề If

Mệnh đề chính

Hiện tại đơn

S + V(s/es) + O

S + will/may/might/can/could ... + V + O

Ex: If it is sunny ,I will go fishing.

If she gets up late ,she will miss the bus.

* Câu điều kiện mệnh lệnh

If S + V1, V2

– Dạng câu điều kiện này dùng để nêu một yêu cầu, một mệnh lệnh mà người nói muốn người nghe thực hiện nếu điều kiện được nêu xảy ra.

– Dạng câu mệnh lệnh chỉ có thể dùng với câu điều kiện loại I.

– Cuối câu ta đặt một dấu chấm than, biểu thị cho thức mệnh lệnh.

– Khi dùng dạng câu này, mệnh đề điều kiện vẫn giữ nguyên, riêng mệnh đề chính sẽ được chuyển thành mệnh đề mệnh lệnh bằng cách sử dụng nguyên động từ và khuyết đi chủ ngữ.

Ex: If you meet him, tell him to write to me!

Ex: Don’t go outside the harbor if the wind is strong.

2/ Conditional sentences :TYPE 2:

a) use : câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một hành động không có thật ở hiện tại.

Form:

Mệnh đề If

Mệnh đề chính

Quá khứ đơn

S + V(ed/s.p) + O

S + would/might/could ... + V + O

c) Note : Động từ trong mệnh đề điều kiện nếu là động từ tobe thì ta dùng were cho tất cả các chủ ngữ.

Ex. If I were you , I would go abroard.

If I knew his address , I would give it to you.

3/ Conditional sentences : Type 3.

a/ use: Diễn tả hành động không có thật ở quá khứ.

b/ For:

Mệnh đề If

Mệnh đề chính

Quá khứ hoàn thành

S + had V.pp + O

S + would/might/could ... + have V.pp + O

Ex :If he had studied harder for that test ,he would have passed it

4/ Một số trường hợp câu điều kiện đặc biệt

a/ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN KẾT HỢP

Use: diễn tả điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ ảnh hưởng kết quả ở hiện tại

Form:

Mệnh đề If

Mệnh đề chính

Quá khứ hoàn thành

(had V.pp)

would/might/could ... + V

would/might/could ... be + V-ing

Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.

2. Trong trường hợp này, mệnh đề If chia động từ ở loại 3, mệnh đề chính chia động từ ở loại 2

B/CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐK

* Đảo ngữ đk loại 1

Should + S + Vinfinitive, S + Will + Vinfinitive

* Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2:

Were + S + (to + Vinfinitive), S + Would + Vinfinitive

If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.

=> Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book

* Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:

Had + S + P2, S + would have + P2

Ex : If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
-> Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house

* Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện kết hợp:

Had + S + P2, S + would Vinfinitive

c/CÁC CÁCH KHÁC ĐỂ DIỄN TẢ ĐIỀU KIỆN

* Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or/and + S + V(simple future).

Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark.

= If you don’t prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark.

* Unless = If …. not ( Trừ khi)

If he doesn’t come, I will bring this package to him

Unless he comes, I will bring this package to him

* In case ( Phòng khi điều gì đó xảy ra)

Trong mệnh đề theo sau In case thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn, không dung will hoặc would

I always take an umbrella in case it rains

* Dùng With/Without/ But for

With/ Without/ But for + a noun/ a noun phrase

Eg: If you help me, I can finish this assignment

= With your help, I can finish this assignment

Without water, life wouldn’t exist

= If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.

* As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện)

Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.

= If you drive carefully, you can use my car.

* Otherwise ( Nếu không thì ) : Dùng để thay thế cho vế If và liên quan đến một ý tưởng của câu trước.

(Trước Otherwise thường có dấu; hoặc dấu , sau otherwise có dấu ,)

Eg: You must read the instruction; otherwise, you don’t know how to do it

PART B – WISH / IF ONLY

Wish và if only thường được để diễn đạt ước muốn ( if only mạnh mẽ và rõ ràng hơn wish). Sau wish và only là một mệnh đề chỉ sự ao ước một ĐK không có thật . Mệnh đề sau wish và if only được xem như một mệnh đề danh từ .

Sau wish /only có 3 loại mệnh đề được dùng để chỉ sự ao ước ở hiện tại, quá khứ và tương lai .

1. Ao ước ở hiện tại (present wish) .

a) Cấu trúc:

S + WISH (es) /IF ONLY + S+ V (past subjunctive)

(be ⇒ were)

b) Cách dùng : diễn đạt mong ước về một điều không có thật hoặc không thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại .

Eg1 :I wish I lived nearer. Then we could meet more often. (I’m sorry that I don’t live nearer)

Eg2: Cathy wishes she had blond hair. (Cathy is sorry that she doesn’t have blond hair)

– Would không được dùng để diễn đạt mong muốn ở hiện tại , nhưng chúng ta có thể dùng could .

Eg3: You’re brilliant. I wish I could play the guitar like you. (I’m sorry that I can’t play the guitar like you)

2. Ao ước ở quá khứ (past wish)

a) Cấu trúc:

S + WISH(es) /IF ONLY + S+ V (past perfect subjunctive)

b) Cách dùng : diễn đạt mong ước về một điều đã xảy ra trong quá khứ hoặc diễn đạt sự hối tiếc về một điều gì đó đã không xảy ra.

Eg: I wish I had never told him my secret. (I’m sorry that I told him my secret)

Eg: Santiago wishes he hadn’t spent so much money last night. (Santiago regrets spending so much money last night)

-Chúng ta có thể dùng could have +past participle để vao ước về quá khứ khi chủ ngữ trước và sau wish là một người hay một vật.

Eg : I wish I could have been at the wedding ,but I was in New York.

3. Ao ước ở tương lai (future wish)

a) Cấu trúc:

S + WISH(es) /IF ONLY + S+ would/ could /might + V (bare-infinitive)

b) Cách dùng :mong muốn điều gì đó xảy ra hoặc muốn người nào đó làm điều gì đó.

Eg: I wish it would stop snowing.

Eg: I wish Mark would call me back.

Eg: I wish more people would read my blog.

Chú ý: I wish ….woud …được dùng khi nói về hành động và sự thay đổi ,would không được nói về một tình trạng

Eg: I wish something exciting would happen.

PART C: Một số cấu trúc giả định khác

1.Clause after AS IF, AS THOUGH:

* AS IF, AS THOUGH có nghĩa là “như thể, dường như”

* Hai từ nối trên đứng trước một mệnh đề chỉ một điều không thật hoặc trái với thực tế.

a/Điều không có thật ở hiện tại

S + V + as if /as though + V past subjunctive (V-ed/ were).

Eg: The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer (It is not winter).

+ She walks as though she studied modeling. (She didn’t study modeling).

+ He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich).

b/ Điều không có thật ở quá khứ

S + V + as if /as though + V past perfect subjunctive /(had + V-ed/ (pp)).

Eg: + Tom looked very tired as if he worked very hard.

+ The child ate as though he had been hungry for a long time.

+ He looked as if he hadn’t taken a bath for month.

Note: Past Subjunctive (quá khứ giả định) có hình thức giống thì Simple past nhưng với động từ TO BE thì phải đổi thành WERE cho tất cả các ngôi.

– Past Perfect Subjunctive (quá khứ hoàn thành giả định) có hình thức giống thì Past perfect.

– Động từ đứng trước as if/as though có thể ở thì hiện tại hoặc quá khứ mà không có sự thay đổi thì trong mệnh đề giả định

Eg: He talks/talked as if he knew everything.

Eg : He looks /looked as though he hadn’t a decent meal for a month.

– Trong mệnh đề so sánh ( mệnh đề chỉ cách thức và mệnh đề chính có cùng chủ ngữ ), chúng ta có thể dùng as if /as though theo sau bởi một phân từ (present /past participle) hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to –infinitive).

2.It’s time, It’s high time

It’s time/it’s high time có thể được theo sau bởi:

Động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive)

It’s time/ It’s high time + (for + Object) + to-infinitive

E.x: It’s time to buy a new car. (Đã đến lúc phải mua xe mới rồi.)

It’s high time for the children to go to bed. (Đã đến giờ bọn trẻ đi ngủ rồi)

Mệnh đề ( động từ chia ở quá khứ nhưng mang nghĩa hiện tại)

It’s time/ It’s high time + S + V ‑ past simple

E.x: Ten o’clock – It’s time you went home.

(10 giờ rồi – Đã đến lúc các bạn phải về nhà)

It’s high time the children were in bed.

(Đã đến giờ bọn trẻ đi ngủ)

Lưu ý: Were có thể dùng thay cho Was.

E.x: It’s time I was/were in bed

3. Would rather

4. Would rather (thích ….hơn) được dùng để diễn đạt những gì mà một người nào đó muốn thực hiện trong một tình huống cụ thể (không được dùng trong trường hợp tổng quát). Would rather (do) = Would prefer (to do).

* ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

S + would rather (+not) + V_bare infinitive …..(+ than+ V_bare infinitive )

E.x: I would rather stay at home tonight. ( Tối nay tôi thích ở nhà.)

Would you rather have tea or coffee? (Bạn thích dùng trà hay cà phê hơn?)

I’m tired. I’d rather not go out this evening.

(Tôi mệt. Chiều nay tôi không thích đi chơi.)

John would rather go for a swim than play tennis.

(John thích đi bơi hơn chơi quần vợt.)

We’d rather walk than take a bus. (Chúng tôi thích đi bộ hơn là đi xe buýt.)

*Ở quá khứ

S + would rather (+not) + have + V_past participle (+ than)

E.x: We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air.

(Chúng tôi đã đi bằng tàu thủy nhưng tôi thích đi bằng xe máy hơn.)

→ I wanted to go by air but I didn’t get my wish.

Tommy would rather have gone skiing than fishing last week.

(Tuần trước, Tommy đã thích đi trượt tuyết hơn là đi câu)

→ But he didn’t get his wish

Would rather (mong muốn) còn được dùng để diễn đạt nghĩa một người muốn người khác làm điều gì đó.

*Ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

S + would rather (that) + S + V _past simple

E.x: I’d rather you went home now. (Tôi muốn anh về nhà ngay bây giờ)

I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.

(Tôi không muốn bạn kể với bất kỳ ai những gì tôi đã nói.)

We’d rather she was/were here tomorrow.

(Chúng tôi muốn cô ta có mặt ở đây ngày mai.)

*Ở quá khứ

S + would rather (that) + S + V_past perfect

E.x: Roberto would rather we hadn’t left yesterday.

(Roberto muốn hôm qua chúng tôi không ra đi.)

→but we left yesterday.

I would rather you had met my future wife.

(Tôi muốn là bạn đã gặp vợ sắp cưới của tôi)

→but you didn’t meet

c.Diễn tả sự việc ở hiện tại (present subjunctive):
Là loại câu người thứ nhất muốn người thứ hai làm việc gì (nhưng làm hay không còn phụ thuộc vào người thứ hai). Xem thêm về câu cầu khiến ở phần sau. Trong trường hợp này động từ ở mệng đề hai để ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể bỏ to.

S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple form] …

E.x: I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
He would rather that I not take this train.

Ngữ pháp nói ngày nay đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép bỏ that trong cấu trúc này mà vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức giả định

Present subjunctive (Hiện tại bàng thái)

Được dùng trong mệnh đề “that” đứng sau một số động từ chỉ các cảm giác mạnh như: to demand (đòi hỏi), to request (yêu cầu), to insist (nài nỉ), to recommend (khuyến nghị, đề nghị), và các từ ngữ it is essential (điều cốt yếu là), it is necessary (điều cần thiết là), it is important (việc quan trọng là)…. để nhấn mạnh.

Động từ trong mệnh đề “that” ở dạng nguyên thể

Eg: I demand(ed) that he be here on time.

It is necessary that he take the exam.

Hiện tại bàng thái cách cũng thường được thay thế bởi should + infinitive

I request(ed) that I should be given more time to consider the matter further.

Past subjunctive (quá khứ bàng thái)

được dùng trong mệnh đề “that” đứng sau động từ wish diễn tả ước muốn ước ao ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế

I wish (that) I had a car now.

PHẦN II: VÍ DỤ

A. BÀI TẬP CÂU ƯỚC

I. Mark the correct option A, B, C or D:

1. I don’t understand this point of grammar. I wish I ______ it better.

A. understood

B. would understand

C. had understood

D. understands

2. It never stops raining here. I wish it ______ raining.

A. stopped

B. would stop

C. had stopped

D. will stop

3. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ______ here right now.

A. were

B. would be

C. had been

D. was

4. I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that.

A. didn’t say

B. wouldn’t say

C. hadn’t said

D. says

5. I speak terrible English. I wish I ______ English well.

A. spoke

B. would speak

C. had spoken

D. speaks

6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______ quiet.

A. A kept

B. would keep

C. had kept

D. will keep

7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ____ the earlier train.

A. caught

B. would catch

C. had caught

D. catches

8. I didn’t see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ___ it.

A. saw

B. would see

C. had seen

D. seen

9. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ______ out.

A. didn’t go

B. wouldn’t go

C. hadn’t gone

D. went

10. This movie is terrible. I wish we ______ to see another one.

A. went

B. would go

C. had gone

D. go

11. I hate living in England. It’s cold and it’s damp. I wish I ______ in Spain.

A. lived

B. would live

C. had lived

D. live

12. I was only in Miami for a week. I wish I ______ more time there but I had to go on to New York.

A. had

B. would have

C. had had

D. have

13. You drive too fast. I wish you__________ more slowly.

A. drive

B. drove

C. had driven

D. would drive

14. He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes that he _______ it.

A. watched

B. would watch

C. had watched

D. watches

15. My face is bright red. I wish I ______ in the sun so long yesterday

A. didn’t sit

B. wouldn’t sit

C. hadn’t sat

D. sat

16. It was supposed to be a secret. I wish you ______ him.

A. didn’t tell

B. wouldn’t tell

C. hadn’t told

D. tell

17. They didn’t offer me the job. I wish they ______ it to me.

A. offered

B. would offer

C. had offered

D. offer

18. It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice.

- I wish you __________ the doctor’s advice.

A. took

B. would take

C. had taken

D. could take

19. I hate having red hair. I wish I ______ blonde hair.

A. had

B. would have

C. had had

D. am having

20. This exercise is very boring. I wish the teacher ______ us some more interesting things to do.

A. gave

B. would give

C. had given

D. will give

21. I wish I__________ a doctor in the future.

A. am

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

22. I wish that some day I ___________ able to marry her.

A. will be

B. am

C. would be

D. had been

23. I wished I_________ enough money to buy the house.

A. had

B. have

C. had had

D. would have

24. John wishes he ________ a scientist when he grows up.

A. is

B. was

C. will be

D. would be

25. You talk more than you work. The teacher wishes that __________.

A. you work more than you talk

B. you worked more than you talked

C. you worked more than you talk

D. you had worked more than you had talked

26. Susan regretted not buying that villa.

A. Susan wished she had bought that villa.

B. Susan wished she bought that villa.

C. Susan wished she could buy that villa.

D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa.

27. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this.

A. I wish you told us about this.

B. I wish you would tell us about this.

C. I wish you had told us about this.

D. I wish you have told us about this.

28. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness.

A. I wish he will get over his illness.

B. I wish he would get over his illness.

C. I wish he got over his illness.

D. I wish he had got over his illness.

29. Peter regretted buying the secondhand computer.

A. Peter didn’t want to buy the secondhand computer.

B. Peter wished he didn’t buy the secondhand computer.

C. Peter wished he hadn’t bought the secondhand computer.

D. Peter was glad to buy the secondhand computer.

30. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth.

A. I wish you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth.

B. I wish you gave me a chance to tell you the truth.

C. I wish you had given me a chance to tell you the truth.

D. I wish you hadn’t given me a chance to tell you the truth.

II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.

31.I sometimes wish that I will have another

A B C D

32. I wishes you had been at the meeting yesterday.

A B C D

33. I wish I didn’t say that to him yesterday.

A B C D

34. She wishes that we didn’t send her the candy yesterday because she’s on a diet.

A B C D

35. She wishes she could speak English as fluent as her sister.

A B D

36. I really wish we can make a trip around the world.

A B C D

37. He got bad marks. He wishes he reviewed his lesson carefully.

A B C D

38. I wish I didn’t speak to him so severely

A B C D

Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets

39. I wish it (not rain) ___________ heavily last Sunday.

40. You are driving too dangerously. I wish you (drive) ___________ slowly.

41.I wish the traffic (not make) ___________ so much noise everyday.

42. I haven’t written to Tom for so long. I wish I (know) ___________ his address.

43. I don’t have enough money to buy that book. I wish I (not, be) ___________ poor.

44. She wishes she (be) ___________ the most beautiful girl in Vietnam.

45. I wish I (not, spend) ___________ so much money.

Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with the given words.

46. I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico.

-> I wish …………………………………………………..

47. Please don’t say things like that.

-> I wish …………………………………………………..

48. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.

-> I really wish …………………………………………………..

49. I’m sorry I can’t help you do your homework.

-> I wish …………………………………………………..

50. She doesn’t like to work with him.

-> She wishes …………………………………………….

B. BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

1.“Would you mind if we ___you by your first name?”

“Not at all. Please call me Tom.”

A. called

B. call

C. calling

D. want to call

2. She can’t get home ___ she has no money.

A. unless

B. if

C. until

D. without

3.If I had known your new address, we ___to see you.

A. came

B. will come

C. would come

D. would have come

4. If we took the 10:30 train, ___.

A. we would arrive too early

B. we should arrive too early

C. we will arrive too early

D. we may arrive too early

5. It’s very crowded here. I wish there ___ so many people.

A. aren’t

B. weren’t

C. haven’t been

D. isn’t

6. I wouldn’t go there at night if I ___ you.

A. am

B. was

C. were

D. had been

7. If I ___ get a pole, I’ll go fishing.

A. can

B. could

C. may

D. might

8. If they had enough time, they ___ head south.

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. might

9. If you ___ a choice, which country would you visit?

A. have

B. had

C. have had

D. will have

10. Trees won’t grow ___ there is enough water.

A. if

B. when

C. unless

D. as

11. ___ she agreed, you would have done it.

A. If

B. Had

C. Should

D. Would

12. If you ___ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.

A. want

B. wanted

C. had wanted

D. wants

13. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ___.

A. might be saved

B. have been saved

C. was saved

D. might have been saved

14. If there ___, the rice fields could have been more productive.

A. had been enough water

B. were enough water

C. would be enough water

D. are enough water

15. The patient could not recover unless he ___ an operation.

A. had undergone

B. would undergo

C. underwent

D.was undergoing

16. If she ___ him, she would be very happy.

A. would meet

B. will meet

C. is meeting

D. should meet

17. If he ___ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.

A. had had

B. had

C. has

D. has had

18. If I had enough money, I ___ abroad to improve my English.

A. will go

B. would go

C. should go

D. should have to go

19. If it ___ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.

A. be

B. is

C. was

D. were

20. If you ___ time, please write to me.

A. have

B. had

C. have had

D. has

21. If it ___ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.

A. rains

B. will rain

C. shall rain

D. raining

22. If you hadn’t watched that late mivie last night, you ___ sleepy now.

A. wouldn’t have been

B. wouldn’t be

C. might have not been

D. wouldn’t have been being

23. If you ___ as I told you, you ___ sorry now.

A. did- would not be

B. had done- had not been

C. do – would not be

D. had done – would not be

24. If only I ___ him now.

A. see

B. saw

C. have seen

D. seen

25. If I ___, I’ll let you know.

A. am staying

B. will stay

C. do stay

D. would stay

26. If only I ___ you wanted to invest money in business.

A. had known

B. knew

C. have known

D. know

27. Linda wishes she ___her car.

A. hasn’t sold

B. hadn’t sold

C. doesn’t sell

D. won’t sell

28. He looked frightened as if he___a ghost.

A. had seen

B. saw

C. would see

D. was seeing

29. I wish it ___ a holiday today.

A. were

B. will be

C. is

D. had been

30. “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.”

“___, we would have picked you up.”

A. Had we known

B. If we have known

C. We had known

D. If we did know

31. If I ___ as young as you are, I ___ in a boat round the world.

A. were- would sail

B. would be – would sail

C. were- will sail

D. would- would sail

32. If he___tickets yesterday, he ___ on the beach now.

A. had booked- would be lying

B. had booked- would have lied

C. booked – would lie

D. books- will lie

33. If you ___ less last night, you ___ so bad today.

A. had drunk- would not have felt

B. drank- would not feel

C. had drunk- would not feel

D. would have drunk- would not feel

34. It seemed as if he ___ of it before.

A. would never hear

B. has never heard

C. never heard

D. had never heard

35. ___ today, she would get home by Friday.

A. Would she leave

B. Was she leaving

C. Were she to leave

D. If she leaves

36. “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I ___ his courage.”

A. have

B. had

C. will have

D. would have

37. ___he___ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.

A. Hadn’t – studied

B. Had- studied

C. Didn’t study

D. If – had studied

38. We’re going to be late if ___.

A. we not leave right now

B. we didn’t leave right now

C. we won’t leave right now

D. we don’t leave right now

39. “I wish this city___ so noisy.” “I know. I wish we ___ in the countryside.”

A. isn’t – live

B. wasn’t – live

C. weren’t- live

D. weren’t – lived

40. He acted as though he___ for days.

A. not eat

B. hasn’t eaten

C. hadn’t eaten

D. didn’t eat

41. We ___ the game if we’d had a few more minutes.

A. might have won

B. won

C. had won

D. will win

42. I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.

A. hadn’t brought

B. didn’t bring

C. wouldn’t have brought

D. won’t bring

43. If you ___ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.

A. listen

B. will listen

C. had listened

D. listened

44. ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.

A. Were I

B. Should I

C. I was

D. If I am

45. I ___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.

A. would have visited

B. visited

C. had visited

D. visit

46. ___ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.

A. Had I known

B. Did I know

C. If I know

D. If I would know

47. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ___ the same language?

A. spoke

B. speak

C. had spoken

D. will speak

48. Unless you ___ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.

A. answered

B. answer

C. would answer

D. are answering

49. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ___ it.

A. would never have believed

B. don’t believe

C. hadn’t believed

D. can’t believe

50. If Jake ___ to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A. doesn’t agree

B. didn’t agree

C. hadn’t agreed

D. wouldn’t agree

PHẦN III: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

Exercise 1: Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A,B,C or D)

1. If that hat costs much , I ……………a small one .

A . would have bought

B.will buy

C.bought

D.would buy.

2) If you …………more carefully ,you wouldn’t have had so many accidents.

A. drive

B.drove

C.had driven

D.driven

3) If I spoke English , my job …………………a lot easier.

A.was

B.were

C.will be

D.would be

4) If he …………….to London yesterday, he ………….his old friend

A.went / would meet

B.go / would meet

C.had gone / would have met

D.went / would have met

5.I will lend them some money If they …………….me .

A.ask

B.will ask

c.asked

D.had asked

6.If we had known who he was , we …………….him to speak at our meeting .

A.would have invited

B.have invited

C.will invite

D.would invite

7.My dog will bark if it …………….any strange sound.

A.hear

B.hears

C.heard

D.had heard.

8.If I ………….enough money ,I will buy a house.

A.had

B had had

C.will have

D.have

9.If you …………..away , I will send for a policeman.

A.not go

B.don’t go

C.hadn’t gone

D.didn’t go

10. If I ………in your place , I would accept Mr Anderson’s invitation .

A.were

B.am

C.be

D.was

11.What ………..we do if they don’t come tomorrow?

A.would

B.will

C.did

D.had

12.If I …………….you, I would tell the truth.

A.is

B.am

C.were

D.was

13.If I had enough time now , I ………..to my parents.

A.would write

B.write

C.will write

D.wrote

14.It’s too bad Helen isn’t here .If she ………..here , she ……..what to do.

A.is / will know

B.was / knows

C.were / would know

D.are / would have known

15.If she ………….late again , she will lose her job.

A.come

B.came

C comes

D.had come

16.I will let you know if I ………..out what’s happening .

A.find

B.finds

C.found

D.had found

17.If we …………….in a town , life would be better .

A.live

B.lived

C.would live

D.had lived

18.I’m sure he wouln’t mind if we ……………early .

A.arrive

B.arriving

C.arrived

D.had arrived

19 .If I won the lottery , I …….you half the money .

A.gave

B.had given

C.will give

D.would give

20.It ………..be a pity if she married Fred.

A.will

B.would

C.can

D.may

21.If I’m free on Saturday , I …………..to the mountains.

A.to go

B.could go

C.went

D.can go

22.we …………….you if we have time .

A.will phone

B.would phone

C.phoned

D.had phoned

23.If I ………….you ,I would help them .

A.am

B will be

C.were

D.had been

24.I could have understood him if he ……………more slowly.

A.speaks

B.spoke

C.had spoken

D.would speak

25.If I had known that you were in hospital, I ……………..you.

A.will visit

B.would have visited

C.visit

D.don’t visit

26.I wouldn’t have believed it if I ………………it with my own eyes.

A.had seen

B.saw

C.hadn’t seen

D.didn’t see

27.What would you have done if the lift ………..struck between two floors at that time.

A.had got

B.got

C.gets

D.getting

28.If I …………that the traffic lights were red, I …………………..

A.had realized / would have stopped

B. had realized / wouldn’t have stopped

C.realized / would stop

C.realize / will not stop

29. If we have some eggs ,I ……………you a cake .

A.made

B.makes

C.will make

D.would make

30.If you …………so busy , I would have shown you how to play .

A.hadn’t been

B.weren’t

C.aren’t

D.wouldn’t be .

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.

1.Had you told me that this was going to happen, I _______ it.

A. would never have believed

B. don’t believe

C. hadn’t believed

D. can’t believe

2. Put all the toys away……….. someone slips and falls on them.

A. provided that

B. unless

C. in case

D. so long as

3. Many argue that the world will never make the switch to cleaner forms of energy………… easily obtainable soil sources remain.

A. suppose that

B. providing that

C. unless

D.as long as

4. …………..you to be offered that job, would you have to move to another city?

A. should

B. Were

C. had

D. Provided that

5. You will find their house __________ you take a good street map with you.

A. as long as

B. even if

C. if only

D. otherwise:

6. You’d better stop spending money, _______ you will end up in debt

A. unless

B. otherwise

C. if

D. in case

7. Henry__________ a rich man today if he had been more careful in the past.

A. will have been

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

8._________ you visit him, give him my best wishes.

A. Could

B. Would

C. Should

D. Might

9. Were she ten years younger, she ______________ the beauty contest.

A. will enter

B. had entered

C. would enter

D. would have entered

10. If it………..their encouragement, he could have given it up.

A. had been for

B. hadn’t been

C. hadn’t been for

D. wouldn’t have been for

11. _________ any employee be ill, they must call the office to inform their head of departure.

A. Were

B. Should

C. Had

D. If

12. If Lucy’s car ___________ down, she would be here right now.

A. didn’t break

B. hadn’t broken

C. wouldn’t have been

D. doesn’t break

13. Harry would certainly have attended the proceedings _________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tyre

B. had he not had a flat tyre

C. had the tyre not flattened itself

D. if the flat tyre didn’t happen

14. If I _____ my wallet at home this morning, I _____ money for lunch now.

A. leave / will have

B. didn’t leave / would have

C. hadn’t left / would have

D. hadn’t left / would have had

15. I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.

A-would have visited

B-visited

C-had visited

D-visit

16. ………then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.

A-had I known

B-did I know

-If I know

D- If I would know

17. If someone ……in to the store,smile and say, “May I help you?”

A-comes

B-came

C-would come

D-could come

18. Trees won’t grow ……….. there is enough water.

A. if

B. when

C. unless

D. as

Exercise 3 choose the best answer

1. But for two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.

A. If I didn’t make two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.

B. I would have got full marks for the test if there hadn’t been these two minor mistakes

C. Had I made two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.

D. If the mistakes hadn’t been minor, I could have got full marks for the test.

2. Get in touch with me as soon as possible if you change your mind about the trip.

A. Should you change your mind about the trip, contact me as soon as possible

B. If you changed your mind about the trip, get in touch with me as soon as possible.

C. You should call me whenever you changed your mind about the trip.

D. Having changed your mind about the trip, you should get in touch with me soon

3. If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper, United would have lost.

A. United didn’t lose the game thanks to their goalkeeper.

B. United lost the match because of their goalkeeper.

C. Without their goalkeeper, United could have won

D. If their goalkeeper didn’t play so well, United would have lost.

4. Without his help, we would all die.

A. We died because he didn’t help us.

B. He didn’t help us, so we died.

C. If it hadn’t been for his help, we would all have died

D. If he had helped us, we wouldn’t have died.

5. Had the announcement been made earlier, more people would have attended the lecture.

A. Not many people came to hear the lecture because it was held too late,

B. The lecture was held earlier so that more people would attend

C. Fewer people attended the lecture because of the early announcement.

D. Since the announcement was not made earlier, fewer people came to hear the lecture.

6. But for Helen acting so wonderfully, the play would be a flop

A. Helen acted so wonderfully, but the play was a flop.

B. If it wasn’t for Helen’s wonderful acting, the play would be a flop

C. The play was a flop although Helen acted so wonderfully.

D. The play was a flop although Helen was such a wonderful actor.

7. Provided your handwriting is legible, the examiner will accept your answer.

A. Although the examiner cannot read your handwriting, he will accept your answer,

B. Whatever your handwriting, the examiner will accept your answer.

C. The examiner will accept your answer if your handwriting is beautiful

D. So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he will accept your answer.

8. But for his father’s early retirement, Richard would not have taken over the family business.

A. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided to retire early.

B. Richard didn’t take over the family business because his father didn’t retire early

C. His father retired early but he still ran the family business

D. Richard’s father didn’t want him to take over the family business despite his retirement

9. Were it not for the money, the job wouldn’t be worthwhile

A. This job is not rewarding at all

B. This job offers a poor salary

C. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile

D. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.

10. You can stay in the flat for free if you pay the bills.

A. Provided you pay the bills, you can stay in the flat for free.

B. Without the bills paid, you can stay in the free flat.

C. Unless the flat is free of bills, you cannot stay in it.

D. Whether you pay the bills or stay in the flat, it is free.

11: She is now leading a normal life as a result of all the support she received from social workers.

A. Had it not been for the social workers, she wouldn’t be leading such a normal life now.

B.Because she receives all the support from social workers, she is leading a normal life now

C. If she didn’t receive all the support from social workers, she wouldn’t be leading a normal life now.

D. Had she not received so much support from social workers, she wouldn’t be leading such a normal life now.

12.In my experiments, the liquid is cooled to 32ºF. It always freezes.

A. If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it froze.

B. If you cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would freeze.

C. If you cool the liquid to 32 degrees, it will freeze.

D. If you had cooled the liquid to 32 degrees, it would have frozen.

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer:

1.I’m not very fit. I wish ______

A. I would be fitter

B. I were fitter

C. I was fitter

D. I am fitter

2. It’s very hot.

A. I wish it were cooler.

B. I wish it were hotter.

C. I wish it was rain tomorrow.

D. If only it had rained.

3. He likes to swim.

->He wishes he ……………… near the sea.

A. liked

B. living

C. lives

D. to live

4. She wishes she ………………. blue eyes.

A.has

B. had

C. had had

D. would have

5. If only I ___ him now.

A. see

B. saw

C. have seen

D. seen

6. I wish it ___ a holiday today.

A. were

B. will be

C. is

D. had been

7. What a pity I didn’t meet you yesterday.

A. If only I met you yesterday.

B. If only I meet you yesterday.

C. If only I had met you yesterday.

D. If only I hadn’t met you yesterday.

8. Susan regretted not buying that villa.

A. Susan wished she had bought that villa.

B. Susan wished she bought that villa.

C. Susan wished she could buy that villa.

D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa.

9. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this.

A. I wish you told us about this.

B. I wish you would tell us about this.

C. I wish you had told us about this.

D. I wish you have told us about this.

10. He wishes he …………… buy a new car.

A. can

B. will

C. could

D. would

11. Those children are really noisy.

A. I wish they were quieter

B. I wish they would be quiet

C. If only they were quieter

D. Both A and C are correct

12. She misses him. She wishes he ……………. her a letter.

A. would send

B. will send

C. has sent

D. would have sent

13. I wish I …………………….. help you.

A. would

B. can

C. could

D. will

14. She wishes she ……………………. him yesterday.

A. would meet

B. meets

C. met

D. had met

15. Yesterday, John told me that he wishes he ________ harder in high school because then university might not be so difficult for him.

A. studied

B. would study

C. had studied

D. studies

16. If only my motorbike………………broken down again, I would have arrived on time

A.would

B. hadn’t

C. didn’t

D. wasn’t

17. I wish I _________ in prison, but I am

A. wasn’t

B. am not

C. weren’t

D. were

18. I wish you…………….make that noise, it’s annoying!

A. don’t

B. wouldn’t

C. would

D. couldn’t

19. I wish I…………………………….to the movies with you last night.

A. went

B. did go

C. could go

D. could have gone

20. I hate Canadian winters. I wish I ______ in Hawai right now.

A. was

B. am

C. will be

D. were

Exercise 5: Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.

1.Tom looked tired as though he __________very hard.

A. has worked

B. worked

C. work

D. had worked

2. Henry talks with his dog as if it _________him.

A. understand

B. understood

C. understanding

D. had understood.

3. She sings as if she ________ a singer.

A. were

B. is

C. had been

D. has been

4. I feel as if my head ________fire now.

A. were

B. is

C. had been

D. has been

5. Mary dresses as if she _______ a queen.

A. is

B. be

C.were

D. had been

6. She acted as if she_______ big amount of money.

A. had

B. has

C. have

D. had had

7. He spends his money as though he ________ a millionaire.

A. were

B. is

C. be

D. has been

8. He talked about Paris as if he ____________there before

A.be

B. been

C. has been

D. had been

9. Tom acts as if he __________my boss.

A. had been

B. have been

C be

D. were

9. He talked as if he __________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.

A. has done

B. have done

C did

D.had done

10. Barbara looked at me as though she ___________me before.

A. has never met

B. have never met

C had never met

D.never met

11. She behaved as though she _________ crazy

A. has been

B. had been

C. be

D. B and C are right

12. He treats us as if we__________ all idiots

A. has been

B. have been

C. be

D.were

13. The spacemen felt as if he ______ in a paradise.

A. had been

B. falls

C. fall

D. has fallen

14. He behaved as though he __________to the USA.

A. has been

B. had been

C. were

D. was

15. I wish the more effective teaching method______ used.

A. is

B. was

C. were

D. has been

16. She wishes she ______ a fairy now.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. had been

17. She spent money as if she always______ plenty of it.

A. have

B. had

C. had had

D. has

18. Mr Nam ate as if he ________anything for days

A. didn’t eat

B. haven’t eaten

C. hadn’t eaten

D. not ate

19. She walks as if she_______ a wooden leg.

A. has

B. have

C. had

D. have had

Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer

1.I ______watch the football game than basketball game

A. like

B. would rather

C. prefer

D. would like

2. Jane would rather that it ______ winter now.

A. were

B. be

C. is

D. had been

3. Would you rather ______ in ink or in pencil?

A. write

B. writing

C. to write

D. wrote

4. I would rather that you ______ me tomorrow.

A. call

B. to call

C. calling

D. will call

5. Henry would rather that his girlfriend ______in the same department as he does.

A. work

B. to work

C. working

D. worked

6. It’s time you _________the house.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. paints

7. Bob would rather that Jill ______ to class yesterday.

A. go

B. went

C. had gone

D. have gone

8. It’s time we all …………………….now.

A. had gone

B. go

C. should go

D. went

9. John would rather ________ than worked last night.

A. slept

B. was sleeping

C. have slept

D. had slept

10. It’s time __________a car.

A. go

B. buy

C. to buy

D. buying

Exercise 7 : Choose the best answer

1.I requested that he …………..the work on time.

A.finishes

B. will finish

C. finish

D. finished

2. It is necessary that she ………….. the club.

A. join

B. joins

C. would join

D. has joined

3. The doctor suggested that the patient …………..smoking.

A.stop

B. should stop

C. would stop

D. both A and B are correct

4. It is important that you ………..on time.

A.comes

B. coming

C. having come

D. come

5. It is necessary that she …………..the housework.

A.do

B. would do

C. doing

D. done

6. They requested that I …………early.

A.leave

B. should leave

C. left

D. A or B

7. It is our wish that he…………… what he please.

A.is doing

B. does

C. do

D. should have done

8. I propose that the minutes of the previous meeting……….. read.

A.to be

B. be

C. being

D. should have been

9. The court ordered that the man …………..released.

A.be

B. was

C. is

D. has been

10. It is essential that he ………..the bike.

A.to repair

B. should repair

C. would repair

D. had better repair

V. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONDITION

PART I: MCQ

I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that needs correcting in each sentence below:

1.If they have time in the weekend, they will come to see

2. If we sneak out quietly, nobody notice.

3. If we knew about your problem, we would have helped

4. If I amyou, I would not buy that

5. We would have arrived earlier if we not missed the bus.

II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question below.

1. If I had time, I _____________ shopping with you.

A. went

B. will go

C. would go

D. would have gone

2. If you ________ English, you will get along with them perfectly.

A. can speak

B. had spoken

C. speaks

D. spoke

3. If they had gone for a walk, they _________ the lights off.

A. had turned

B. would have turn

C. would have turned

D. would turn

4. If she ___________ to see us, we will go to the zoo.

A. came

B. come

C. comes

D. is coming

5. I would have told you, if I ________ him.

A. had meet

B. had met

C. meet

D. met

6. Would you mind if I _________ the window?

A. close

B. closing

C. had closed

D. would close

7. If they _______ me, I wouldn’t have said no.

A. had invited

B. invited

C. invite

D. would have invited

8. My friend _______ me at the station if he gets the afternoon off.

A. meets

B. will meet

C. would have met

D. would meet

9. If I ________ it, nobody would do it.

A. did

B. didn’t do

C. do

D. don’t do

10. If my father ________ me up, I’ll take the bus home.

A. doesn’t pick

B. don’t pick

C. not pick

D. picks

11. If I didn’t have a mobile phone, my life _______ complete.

A. will be not

B. will not be

C. would not be

D. would not have been

12. Okay, I ________ the popcorn if you buy the drinks.

A. bought

B. buy

C. will buy

D. would buy

13. She _______ out with you if you had only asked her.

A. will go

B. would go

C. would had gone

D. would have gone

14. If you had tried your best, you _______ disappointed about the result now.

A. won’t be

B. wouldn’t be

C. wouldn’t have

D. wouldn’t have been

15. I would not have read your diary if you ______ it in such an obvious place.

A. didn’t hide

B. hadn’t hid

C. hadn’t hidden

D. not hid

16. If I had enough money, ___________.

A. I will buy that house

B. I’d have bought that house

C. I could buy that house

D. I can buy that house

17. ___________ if you take a map.

A. You will get lost

B. You won’t get lost

C. You would get lost

D. You would have got lost

18. We would save thousands of lives if ________________.

A. we found the remedy for the flu

B. we had not found the remedy for the flu

C. we find the remedy for the flu

D. we’ll find the remedy for the flu

19. I won’t accept unless ____________.

A. Tom to apologize

B. Tom is apologizing

C. Tom apologizes

D. When Tom apologizes

20. I’ll help you if __________________.

A. you told me the truth

B. you tell me the truth

C. you will tell me the truth

D. you have told me the truth

21. I wouldn’t have got wet ____.

A. if I had an umbrella with me.

B. if I had had an umbrella with me

C. Unless I had had an umbrella with me

D. in case I had an umbrella with me

22. _____________ , he would not have had the accident yesterday.

A. If Peter driven more carefully

B. If had Peter driven more carefully

C. Had Peter driven more carefully

D. Unless Peter had driven more carefully

23. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.

A. If I listened to him, I would have succeed.

B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.

C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.

D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.

24. If he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again.

A. Unless he apologizes, then I will never invite him here again.

B. Unless he apologizes, or I will never invite him here again.

C. Unless he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again.

D. Unless he apologizes, I will never invite him here again.

25. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you.

A. If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you.

B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I would meet you.

C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning.

D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning.

26. Do your homework first and I’ll let you play the computer games.

A. I won’t allow you to do homework when you play the computer games.

B. Let’s play the computer games without doing your homework.

C. You are allowed to play the computer games without doing your homework.

D. Unless you do homework first, I won’t let you play the computer games.

27. I don’t have enough money with me now; otherwise I would buy that coat.

A. If I didn’t have money with me now, I would buy that coat.

B. If I had money with me now, I would buy that coat.

C. If I had money with me now, I wouldn’t buy that house.

D. If I didn’t have money with me now, I wouldn’t buy that house.

28. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.

A. If you drank less coffee, you would be able to sleep.

B. You drink much coffee and you can sleep.

C. You wouldn’t sleep well if you hadn’t drink any coffee.

D. You can sleep better without coffee.

29. Susan felt sick because she got caught in the rain.

A. If Susan got caught in the rain, she would felt sick.

B. If Susan hadn’t got caught in the rain, she wouldn’t have felt sick.

C. If Susan hadn’t got caught in the rain, she wouldn’t feel sick.

D. Susan got caught in the rain and she still felt sick.

30. He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane.

A. If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the plane.

B. If he had hurried, he might catch the plane.

C. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane.

D. He didn’t miss the plane because he hurried.

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence:

31. I didn’t know that you were in hospital, so I didn’t visit you.