past perfect tense?
1/Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
2 /Cấu trúc thì quá khứ hoàn thành
3/Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Câu trả lời (1)
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1/Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Cách dùng Ví dụ Khi hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ, ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cho hành động xảy ra trước và quá khứ đơn cho hành động xảy ra sau. I met them after they had divorced each other. (Tôi gặp họ sau khi họ ly dị nhau.) Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen two years before. (Lan nói rằng trước đó hai năm, cô ta từng được chọn làm hoa hậu.)
An idea occured to him that she herself had helped him very much in the everyday life. (Hắn chợt nghĩ ra rằng chính cô ta đã giúp hắn rất nhiều trong cuộc sống hằng ngày.)
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ. We had had lunch when she arrived. (Khi cô ấy đến chúng tôi đã ăn trưa xong.) Khi thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường được dùng kết hợp với thì quá khứ đơn, ta thường dùng kèm với các giới từ và liên từ như: by (có nghĩa như before), before, after, when, till, untill, as soon as, no sooner…than No sooner had he returned from a long journey than he was ordered to pack his bags.(Anh ta mới đi xa về thì lại được lệnh cuốn gói ra đi.) When I arrived John had gone away.(Khi tôi đến thì John đã đi rồi.)
Yesterday, I went out after I had finished my homework.
(Hôm qua, tôi đi chơi sau khi tôi đã làm xong bài tập.)
Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well. Tom had lost twenty pounds and could begin anew.
Trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả điều kiện không có thực If I had known that, I would have acted differently. She would have come to the party if she had been invited.
Hành động xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, trước 1 mốc thời gian khác I had lived abroad for twenty years when I received the transfer. Jane had studied in England before she did her master’s at Harvard.
2. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Câu khẳng định
Câu phủ định
Câu nghi vấn
S + had + VpII
Ví dụ:
– He had gone out when I came into the house. (Anh ấy đã đi ra ngoài khi tôi vào nhà.)
– They had finished their work right before the deadline last week .(Họ đã hoàn thành công việc của họ ngay trước hạn chót vào tuần trước.)
S + hadn’t + VpII
CHÚ Ý:
– hadn’t = had not
Ví dụ:
– She hadn’t comehome when I got into the house. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa về nhà khi tôi vào nhà.)
– They hadn’t finishedtheir lunch when I saw them. (Họ vẫn chưa ăn xong bữa trưa khi trông thấy họ).
Had + S + VpII ?
Trả lời: Yes, S + had.
No, S + hadn’t.
Ví dụ:
– Had the film ended when you arrived at the cinema? (Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi bạn tới rạp chiếu phim phải không?)
Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Trong câu có các từ:
– when: Khi
Vì dụ: When they arrived at the airport, her flight had taken off. (Khi họ tới sân bay, chuyến bay của cô ấy đã cất cánh.)
– before: trước khi (Trước “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và sau “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.)
Ví dụ: She had done her homework before her mother asked her to do so. (Cô ấy đã làm bài tập về nhà trước khi mẹ cô ấy yêu cầu cô ấy làm như vậy.)
– After: sau khi (Trước “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)
Ví dụ: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken. (Họ về nhà sau khi đã ăn một con gà quay lớn.)
– by the time (vào thời điểm)
Ví dụ: He had cleaned the house by the time her mother came back. (Cậu ấy đã lau xong nhà vào thời điểm mẹ cậu ấy trở về.)
bởi Phạm Nguyễn Minh Phúc 24/08/2019Like (0) Báo cáo sai phạm
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