Định nghĩa, công thức và cách sử dụng của thì hiện tại hoàn thành khẳng định S have or has ed or v3?
đinh nghia hien tai hoan thanh
lm đầy đủ nhé mk cần trong chiều nay
Câu trả lời (1)
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Cấu trúc
- Khẳng định (+): S + have/has + v(ed/v3)
- Phủ định (-): S + haven't/hasn't +v(ed/v3)
- Nghi vấn (?): Have/Has + S+ v (ed/v3) ?
- Từ để hỏi (question words): Question Words + Have/Has + S + V(ed/v3) ?
Chú ý
- I / you / we / they / Danh từ số nhiều + have
- He / she / it / Danh từ số ít + has
Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
- All day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day, this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now
- Since thời gian: từ khi (mốc thời gian)
- For: khoảng (khoảng thời gian)
- Several times: vài lần
- Many times: nhiều lần
- Up to now = until now = up to present = so far: cho đến bây giờ
Cách dùng và các ví dụ
Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại:
- I have (I've) broken my watch so I don't know what time is it. (Tôi đã làm vỡ cái đồng hồ của mình nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ rồi.)
- They have cancelled the meeting (Họ đã hủy bỏ cuộc họp.)
- She's taken my copy. I don't have one. (Cô ấy đã cầm bản của tôi. Tôi không còn cái nào.)
- The sales team has doubled its turnover. (Phòng kinh doanh đã tăng doanh số bán hàng lên gấp đôi.)
Diễn tả hành động mới diễn ra gần đây. Chúng ta thường dùng các từ như 'just', 'already' hay 'yet':
- We've already talked about that. (Chúng ta đã nói về việc đó.)
- She hasn't arrived yet. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.)
- I've just done it. (Tôi vừa làm việc đó.)
- They've already met. (Họ đã gặp nhau.)
- They haven't known yet. (Họ vẫn chưa biết.)
- Have you read the Science book yet? (Bạn đã đọc sách khoa học chưa?)
- Have you spoken to him yet ? (Anh đã nói chuyện với anh ta chưa ?)
- Have they got back to you yet ? (Họ đã nhắn lại cho anh chưa ?)
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại. Với cách dùng này, chúng ta sử dụng 'since' hoặc 'for' để cho biết sự việc đã kéo dài bao lâu:
- I have been a teacher for more than ten years. (Tôi dạy học đã hơn 10 năm.)
- We haven't seen Janine since Friday. (Tôi đã không gặp Janine từ thứ Sáu.)
- How long have you been at this school ? (Anh công tác ở trường này bao lâu rồi ?)
- For 10 years/Since 2002. (Được 10 năm rồi/Từ năm 2002.)
Diễn tả sự trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm. Chúng ta thường dùng 'ever' và 'never' khi nói về kinh nghiệm:
- Have you ever been to Argentina ? (Anh đã từng đến Argentina chưa ?)
- I think I have seen that movie before. (Tôi nghĩ trước đây tôi đã xem bộ phim đó.)
- Has he ever talked to you about the problem ? (Anh ấy có nói với anh về vấn đề này chưa ?)
- I've never met Jim and Sally. (Tôi chưa bao giờ gặp Jim và Sally.)
- We've never considered investing in Mexico. (Chúng tôi chưa bao giờ xem xét việc đầu tư ở Mexico.)
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ:
- We've been to Singapore a lot over the last few years. (Những năm vừa qua, chúng tôi đi Singapore rất nhiều lần.)
- She's done this type of project many times before. (Cô ấy đã làm loại dự án này rất nhiều lần.)
- We've mentioned it to them on several occasions over the last six months. (Trong 6 tháng vừa rồi,, chúng tôi đã nhắc việc này với họ rất nhiều lần rồi.)
- The army has attacked that city five times. (Quân đội đã tấn công thành phố đó 5 lần.)
- I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. (Tôi đã làm 4 bài kiểm tra và 5 bài thi trong học kỳ này.)
- She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. (Bà ấy đã nói với nhiều chuyên gia về vấn đề của bà, nhưng chưa ai tìm ra được tác nhân khiến bà bị bệnh.)
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