Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

REALITY TELEVISION

Reality, television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humourous situations, documents actual events and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early year of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000. 

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from games to quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no Tsukai), to surveillance - or voyeurism - focused production such as Big Brother. Critics say that the term "reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coach to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques. 

Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description of several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like the Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word "reality” to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."

 In the first line, the writer says “it is claimed” because ____. 

• A. 
  he wants to distance himself from the statement 
• B. 
  he totally disagrees with the statement
• C. 
  everybody except the writer agrees with the statement
• D. 
  he wants to emphasize that it is his own claim